【題目】從下面的方框中選擇合適的詞,將其正確的形式填在句子中。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
【1】Thousand were killed in the early stage of the novel virus spread because of lagging countermeasures, after which three related officials ____________ from their positions.
【2】The proposal was instantly voted through with two to one in favour, ____________ by enthusiastic applause.
【3】Since the lockdown of the city on Jan.23rd, the students and teachers in our school ____________ online learning and teaching at home.
【4】While a moderate amount of stress can be ____________, too much stress can exhaust you.
【5】Larger and longer trials are needed ____________ the clinical effect and safety of this new drug.
【6】Heroic sacrifice in disaster or war is not ____________ to self-preservation. It is people’s choice based on their value of life.
【7】Responsibility and reliability are the essential ____________ to be a trustworthy citizen in any society.
【8】Do not let a lack of materials to hold you back from ____________ your dream. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
【9】New public opinion polls show the President’s ____________ rating at its lowest point since he took office.
【10】The Chinese people have shown great sympathy for the victims in the Covid-19 epidemic in the United States, ____________ those political conflicts.
【答案】
【1】resigned
【2】accompanied
【3】have adapted to
【4】beneficial
【5】to evaluate
【6】contradictory
【7】qualifications
【8】fulfilling
【9】approval
【10】setting aside
【解析】
【1】考查動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)。句意:上 千人在新病毒傳播的早期階段因?qū)Σ邷蠖劳觯笕嚓P(guān)官員辭職。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 所填詞在句中是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞resign,意思為“辭職”;句子敘述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況,因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填resigned。
【2】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意: 在熱烈的掌聲中,該提案立即以二比一的投票結(jié)果獲得通過(guò)。根據(jù)句意,此處應(yīng)是短語(yǔ) be accompanied by,意思為“伴隨有……”;分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 所填詞在句中作狀語(yǔ);accompany與句子的主語(yǔ)The proposal之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填accompanied。
【3】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意: 自從1月23日該市封城以來(lái),我校的學(xué)生和教師已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了在家在線學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)。根據(jù)句意,此處應(yīng)是短語(yǔ) adapt to ,意思為“適應(yīng)”;since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);主語(yǔ)the students and teachers是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用have done形式。故填have adapted to。
【4】考查形容詞。句意:雖然適度的壓力是有益的,但是過(guò)多的壓力會(huì)讓你筋疲力盡。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在be動(dòng)詞后,應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ); benefit是動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意,此處應(yīng)是形容詞beneficial。意思為“對(duì)……有益的”。故填beneficial。
【5】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意: 評(píng)估這種新藥的臨床效果和安全性需要更大、更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的試驗(yàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 此處為不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),意思為“為了……”;根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞evaluate,意思為“評(píng)估,評(píng)價(jià)”;不定式后接的動(dòng)詞原形,故填to evaluate。
【6】考查形容詞。句意: 災(zāi)難或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的英勇?tīng)奚c自我保護(hù)并不矛盾。這是人們基于他們的生命價(jià)值的選擇。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 在be動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語(yǔ);contradict是動(dòng)詞,形容詞為contradictory;根據(jù)句意,此處應(yīng)是短語(yǔ)be contradictory to,意思為“與……矛盾的”。故填contradictory。
【7】考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意: 責(zé)任感和可靠性是成為任何社會(huì)中值得信賴的公民的基本條件。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),所填詞在句中作賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)是名詞形式;qualify 是動(dòng)詞,名詞形式為qualification;根據(jù)句意,此處是名詞qualification,意思為“資格,條件”;主語(yǔ) “Responsibility and reliability”是指兩個(gè)條件,因此qualification應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填qualifications。
【8】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意: 不要讓物質(zhì)的缺乏阻礙你實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想。世上無(wú)難事,只怕有心人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在介詞from后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ);根據(jù)句意,此處是短語(yǔ)fulfill one’s dream,意思為“實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想”;故填fulfilling。
【9】考查名詞。句意:新的民意調(diào)查顯示,對(duì)總統(tǒng)的支持率達(dá)到了他上任以來(lái)的最低點(diǎn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在名詞所有格the President’s后應(yīng)是名詞;approve是動(dòng)詞,名詞形式為approval;此處名詞approval 修飾名詞rating;短語(yǔ)approval rating意思為“支持率”。故填approval。
【10】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:拋開(kāi)這些政治沖突,中國(guó)人民對(duì)美國(guó)發(fā)生新冠肺炎疫情的受害者表示深切同情。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)是短語(yǔ)set aside,意思為“把……拋在腦后,不顧,擱置在一邊”;分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。故填setting aside。
現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ),表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明
現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用與伴隨狀語(yǔ)有些相似,但嚴(yán)格地說(shuō),它不是伴隨狀語(yǔ),因?yàn)樗磉_(dá)的情景不與句子的動(dòng)作相伴而產(chǎn)生,實(shí)際上,它起著補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句,但比分句簡(jiǎn)潔、明快。例如:
My train leaves at six,arriving in Chicago at ten.
=My train leaves at six,and will arrive in Chicago at ten.
The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
=The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.
All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem. (現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ))
他整夜躺在床上睡不著,思考著那個(gè)問(wèn)題。
如本題第10小題,用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)setting aside是作狀語(yǔ),表示對(duì)主句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
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