【題目】從下面的方框中選擇合適的詞,將其正確的形式填在句子中。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
【1】Thousand were killed in the early stage of the novel virus spread because of lagging countermeasures, after which three related officials ____________ from their positions.
【2】The proposal was instantly voted through with two to one in favour, ____________ by enthusiastic applause.
【3】Since the lockdown of the city on Jan.23rd, the students and teachers in our school ____________ online learning and teaching at home.
【4】While a moderate amount of stress can be ____________, too much stress can exhaust you.
【5】Larger and longer trials are needed ____________ the clinical effect and safety of this new drug.
【6】Heroic sacrifice in disaster or war is not ____________ to self-preservation. It is people’s choice based on their value of life.
【7】Responsibility and reliability are the essential ____________ to be a trustworthy citizen in any society.
【8】Do not let a lack of materials to hold you back from ____________ your dream. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
【9】New public opinion polls show the President’s ____________ rating at its lowest point since he took office.
【10】The Chinese people have shown great sympathy for the victims in the Covid-19 epidemic in the United States, ____________ those political conflicts.
【答案】
【1】resigned
【2】accompanied
【3】have adapted to
【4】beneficial
【5】to evaluate
【6】contradictory
【7】qualifications
【8】fulfilling
【9】approval
【10】setting aside
【解析】
【1】考查動詞和時態(tài)。句意:上 千人在新病毒傳播的早期階段因對策滯后而死亡,之后三名相關官員辭職。分析句子結構, 所填詞在句中是謂語動詞;根據(jù)句意,應是動詞resign,意思為“辭職”;句子敘述的是過去發(fā)生的情況,因此用一般過去時。故填resigned。
【2】考查非謂語動詞。句意: 在熱烈的掌聲中,該提案立即以二比一的投票結果獲得通過。根據(jù)句意,此處應是短語 be accompanied by,意思為“伴隨有……”;分析句子結構, 所填詞在句中作狀語;accompany與句子的主語The proposal之間為邏輯上的被動關系,因此用過去分詞作狀語。故填accompanied。
【3】考查動詞短語和時態(tài)。句意: 自從1月23日該市封城以來,我校的學生和教師已經(jīng)適應了在家在線學習和教學。根據(jù)句意,此處應是短語 adapt to ,意思為“適應”;since引導時間狀語從句時,主句時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時;主語the students and teachers是復數(shù),因此謂語動詞用have done形式。故填have adapted to。
【4】考查形容詞。句意:雖然適度的壓力是有益的,但是過多的壓力會讓你筋疲力盡。分析句子結構,在be動詞后,應接形容詞作表語; benefit是動詞,根據(jù)句意,此處應是形容詞beneficial。意思為“對……有益的”。故填beneficial。
【5】考查非謂語動詞。句意: 評估這種新藥的臨床效果和安全性需要更大、更長時間的試驗。分析句子結構, 此處為不定式作目的狀語,意思為“為了……”;根據(jù)句意,應是動詞evaluate,意思為“評估,評價”;不定式后接的動詞原形,故填to evaluate。
【6】考查形容詞。句意: 災難或戰(zhàn)爭中的英勇犧牲與自我保護并不矛盾。這是人們基于他們的生命價值的選擇。分析句子結構, 在be動詞后接形容詞作表語;contradict是動詞,形容詞為contradictory;根據(jù)句意,此處應是短語be contradictory to,意思為“與……矛盾的”。故填contradictory。
【7】考查名詞的單復數(shù)。句意: 責任感和可靠性是成為任何社會中值得信賴的公民的基本條件。分析句子結構,所填詞在句中作賓語,應是名詞形式;qualify 是動詞,名詞形式為qualification;根據(jù)句意,此處是名詞qualification,意思為“資格,條件”;主語 “Responsibility and reliability”是指兩個條件,因此qualification應用復數(shù)形式。故填qualifications。
【8】考查非謂語動詞。句意: 不要讓物質的缺乏阻礙你實現(xiàn)夢想。世上無難事,只怕有心人。分析句子結構,在介詞from后應接動名詞形式作賓語;根據(jù)句意,此處是短語fulfill one’s dream,意思為“實現(xiàn)某人的夢想”;故填fulfilling。
【9】考查名詞。句意:新的民意調(diào)查顯示,對總統(tǒng)的支持率達到了他上任以來的最低點。分析句子結構,在名詞所有格the President’s后應是名詞;approve是動詞,名詞形式為approval;此處名詞approval 修飾名詞rating;短語approval rating意思為“支持率”。故填approval。
【10】考查非謂語動詞。句意:拋開這些政治沖突,中國人民對美國發(fā)生新冠肺炎疫情的受害者表示深切同情。根據(jù)句意,應是短語set aside,意思為“把……拋在腦后,不顧,擱置在一邊”;分析句子結構,此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,表示補充說明。故填setting aside。
現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語,表示補充說明
現(xiàn)在分詞短語起補充說明的作用與伴隨狀語有些相似,但嚴格地說,它不是伴隨狀語,因為它所表達的情景不與句子的動作相伴而產(chǎn)生,實際上,它起著補充說明的作用,相當于一個并列分句,但比分句簡潔、明快。例如:
My train leaves at six,arriving in Chicago at ten.
=My train leaves at six,and will arrive in Chicago at ten.
The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
=The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.
All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem. (現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語)
他整夜躺在床上睡不著,思考著那個問題。
如本題第10小題,用現(xiàn)在分詞短語setting aside是作狀語,表示對主句的補充說明。
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