Question

【題目】 A high school student has a science test on Monday but spends most of the weekend playing video games and does not start studying until late Sunday night. This kind of avoiding or delaying of work that needs to be done is called procrastination(拖沓). It has been said that up to 95% of people procrastinate at least sometimes, and about 20% of them do it too much. 【1】

The first factor is how pleasant or unpleasant people find a task. Research shows that people put off tasks they find unpleasant. Someone who loves bicycles might not delay fixing a tire, while someone who does not may put it off.

【2】 For example, those who have low expectations of success are more likely to delay starting a job. On the other hand, those who believe they can perform well take on challenging tasks rather than avoid them.

【3】 Studying hard in high school might not give high school students any immediate rewards; what they learn might not seem useful to the present. Sometimes. it is hard to see the benefit of making an effort when the reward is too far away. 【4】

Lastly, another factor is whether or not people can use self-control. Those who have less self-control can easily be drawn away from their work. Interestingly, age is said to be associated with self-control. 【5】

If procrastination is a problem for you, the first step to reducing it is identifying the reasons behind it. It is only by understanding the roots of your problem that you can choose the appropriate method for yourself.

A. Besides, there is a link between procrastination and how long people must wait before they see the reward for an effort.

B. Research shows that the older people become, the less likely they are to delay doing their work until the last minute.

C. In addition, the amount of confidence they have in their ability to do a task is also related to procrastination.

D. As it is common to most people, how to avoid procrastination has become a major concern.

E. What's more, it has been argued that too much confidence can also lead to procrastination.

F. Although researchers do not agree on all the reasons behind procrastination, there is general agreement about some factors that can explain it.

G. This can explain why many people do not start saving money for their old age when they are young.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】F

【2】C

【3】A

【4】G

【5】B

【解析】

本文是議論文，短文從四個(gè)方面來分析了有拖沓癥的原因。一是愉快或不愉快的人們對(duì)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的感覺怎樣。二是人們的自信程度也與拖延癥有關(guān)。三是拖延癥和人們必須等待多久才能看到努力的回報(bào)是有聯(lián)系的。四是人們自己是否有自控能力。

【1】承上啟下句。根據(jù)The first factor is how pleasant or unpleasant people find a task. Research shows that people put off tasks they find unpleasant. 第一個(gè)因素是愉快或不愉快的人們對(duì)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的感覺怎樣。研究表明，人們會(huì)推遲他們覺得不愉快的任務(wù)。所以上句應(yīng)該提到拖沓的原因。選項(xiàng)F Although researchers do not agree on all the reasons behind procrastination, there is general agreement about some factors that can explain it.盡管研究人員對(duì)拖延癥的所有原因并沒有達(dá)成一致意見，但在一些能夠解釋拖延癥的因素上卻達(dá)成了普遍共識(shí)。故選F。

【2】主旨句。根據(jù)第一段敘述的是第一個(gè)拖沓的原因，第二段敘述的是第二個(gè)拖沓的原因。根據(jù)those who have low expectations of success are more likely to delay starting a job. On the other hand, those who believe they can perform well take on challenging tasks rather than avoid them. 那些對(duì)成功期望較低的人更有可能推遲開始工作。另一方面，那些相信自己能出色完成任務(wù)的人會(huì)接受具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，而不是逃避它們。這里敘述了兩種情況，選項(xiàng)C In addition, the amount of confidence they have in their ability to do a task is also related to procrastination此外，他們對(duì)自己完成任務(wù)的能力的自信程度也與拖延癥有關(guān)。故選C。

【3】主旨句。根據(jù)Studying hard in high school might not give high school students any immediate rewards; 在高中努力學(xué)習(xí)可能不會(huì)給高中生任何即時(shí)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。這里提到關(guān)鍵詞rewards；與選項(xiàng)A Besides, there is a link between procrastination and how long people must wait before they see the reward for an effort. 此外，拖延癥和人們必須等待多久才能看到努力的回報(bào)是有聯(lián)系的。這里也到了關(guān)鍵詞rewards，故選A。

【4】承上句。根據(jù)it is hard to see the benefit of making an effort when the reward is too far away. 當(dāng)回報(bào)太遙遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，很難看到努力的好處。因此引出選項(xiàng)G：This can explain why many people do not start saving money for their old age when they are young. 這可以解釋為什么很多人年輕時(shí)不開始存錢養(yǎng)老。前后句式因果關(guān)系。故選G。

【5】承上句。根據(jù)Interestingly, age is said to be associated with self-control. 有趣的是，據(jù)說年齡與自我控制有關(guān)。后面敘述年齡與自控的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B. Research shows that the older people become, the less likely they are to delay doing their work until the last minute. 研究表明，年紀(jì)越大的人越不可能把工作拖到最后時(shí)刻。前后句是解釋說明的關(guān)系。故選B。