【題目】 Russia has announced that it is developing a specialized washing machine for astronauts to use in space. The announcement came from a missile, spaceship and space station manufacturer RKK.

Normal washing machines require gravity to function, not to mention significant amounts of water that has to be stored somewhere and increases weight — they are not suitable for space missions (任務(wù)). This means that astronauts cannot wash their clothes and either have to pack enough for their whole trip or rely on costly resupply missions and throw used items into space.

Crewmembers taking part in long-term missions on the International Space Station (ISS) often end up wearing the same garments for several continuous days and just change into new ones when they get dirty. Aside from this issue, wearing dirty clothes can be uncomfortable for the astronauts and could also provide perfect conditions for dangerous bacteria to grow and spread.

RKK has previously outlined plans for a space washing machine in a Russian space industry journal paper published in 2017. In the paper, the authors estimated (估計(jì)) that 1,450 pounds of clothes are surprisingly transported to the ISS every year to cover the requirements of just three astronauts. And this quantity could increase to three tons for a two-year voyage to Mars involving six crewmembers and could increase the costs and complexity of a mission.

The Russian scientists said that, instead of water, the washing machine would use the carbon dioxide produced by the astronauts’ breathing in the spaceship. Special technology would then turn the gas into a liquid under high pressure in order to clean the clothes.

The Russian designs are not the first proposals for a space washing machine. NASA has previously made a model of a low-power, low-water washing device (設(shè)備) which was designed to work in the microgravity of low-Earth orbit or that of the moon or Mars.

【1】Normal washing machines are not suitable in the spaceship mainly because __________.

A.they lead to serious space pollution

B.they make some bacteria spread

C.they require gravity to function

D.they increase the weight of the spaceship

【2】What might be the biggest advantage of the specialized washing machine?

A.Helping astronauts dry their clothes.

B.Having a competition against NASA.

C.Making the missions cheaper and easier.

D.Getting astronauts to adapt to the environment.

【3】Where can astronauts get the liquid for washing clothes in the spaceship?

A.From the water tank in the spaceship.B.From the outer space.

C.From the recycling water in the spaceship.D.From the gas carbon dioxide.

【4】What does the text mainly talk about?

A.Russia is developing a space washing machine.

B.A space washing machine has been used in Russia.

C.NASA’s made a model of a space washing machine.

D.RKK transports tons of clothes to astronauts in space.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。俄羅斯宣布正在開發(fā)一種宇航員在太空中使用的專用洗衣機(jī)。洗衣機(jī)將使用宇航員在宇宙飛船中呼吸產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳，而不是水。特殊的技術(shù)將氣體在高壓下變成液體，以便清洗衣服。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Normal washing machines require gravity to function, not to mention significant amounts of water that has to be stored somewhere and increases weight-they are not suitable for space missions.（普通的洗衣機(jī)需要重力才能正常工作，更不用說大量的水了，這些水必須儲存在某處并增加重量——它們不適合太空任務(wù)。）可知普通的洗衣機(jī)不適合在宇宙飛船里使用，主要是因?yàn)樗鼈冃枰亓磉\(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。故選C。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句And this quantity could increase to three tons for a two-year voyage to Mars involving six crewmembers and could increase the costs and complexity of a mission.（這一數(shù)量可能會增加到3噸，用于為期兩年的火星之旅，包括6名宇航員，這可能會增加任務(wù)的成本和復(fù)雜性。）可推測定制洗衣機(jī)最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是使在太空洗衣更便宜更容易。故選C。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段The Russian scientists said that, instead of water, the washing machine would use the carbon dioxide produced by the astronauts’ breathing in the spaceship.（俄羅斯科學(xué)家說，洗衣機(jī)將使用宇航員在宇宙飛船中呼吸產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳，而不是水。）可知宇航員會從氣體二氧化碳得到洗衣服的液體。故選D。

【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Russia has announced that it is developing a specialized washing machine for astronauts to use in space.（俄羅斯宣布正在開發(fā)一種宇航員在太空中使用的專用洗衣機(jī)。）以及文章主要內(nèi)容圍繞著俄羅斯正在研制一種太空洗衣機(jī)這一事件，故選A。

推理判斷題要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣等，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。如第二小題，根據(jù)第四段最后一句And this quantity could increase to three tons for a two-year voyage to Mars involving six crewmembers and could increase the costs and complexity of a mission.（這一數(shù)量可能會增加到3噸，用于為期兩年的火星之旅，包括6名宇航員，這可能會增加任務(wù)的成本和復(fù)雜性。）可推測定制洗衣機(jī)最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是使在太空洗衣更便宜更容易。故選C。

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