Question

【題目】

Researchers from the University of Michigan have found that astronauts’ brains change shape during spaceflight. It is the first study【1】(look) into how the brain changes in space. Researchers looked at high-tech MRI(磁共振成像)pictures of the brains of 26 astronauts who spent time in space. Twelve of the【2】(astronaut) spent two weeks on the Space Shuttle, and 14 spent six months on the International Space Station. All of them【3】(experience) increases and decreases in the size of 【4】(differ) parts of the brain. The longer an astronaut spent in space ,the 【5】(big) the size differences were.

The research produced some【6】(interest) findings. One was that on gravity means fluids do not drop in the body, 【7】there is a shift in the brain’s position inside the skull. The brain becomes either smaller or bigger. The findings could help doctors to treat problems that affect the brain’s function. They could treat people with problems 【8】(cause)by long-term bed rest. They could also help those who have a build-up of fluid in the brain, which can lead【9】brain damage. We will understand more about 【10】neurons(神經(jīng)元)in the brain connect. The findings will also help future trips to Mars.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】to look

【2】astronauts

【3】experienced

【4】different

【5】bigger

【6】interesting

【7】so

【8】caused

【9】to

【10】how

【解析】這是一篇介紹說(shuō)明類文章。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在飛行過(guò)程中，宇航員的大腦會(huì)改變形狀。

【1】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“to look into how the brain changes in space”是定語(yǔ)，修飾the first study。當(dāng)名詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，后面經(jīng)常接動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)。

【2】考查名詞。astronaut是可數(shù)名詞。且根據(jù)“twelve of ...”可知，宇航員不止一個(gè)，故應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。

【3】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由上文可知，該句描述的過(guò)去的事情，故該句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

【4】考查形容詞。different是形容詞，修飾名詞parts。

【5】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：宇航員在太空度過(guò)的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，差別就越大。該句考查the +比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越……，越……”。故該空應(yīng)填big的比較級(jí)bigger。

【6】考查形容詞。interesting是形容詞，意為“有趣的，有意思的”，修飾名詞findings。

【7】考查連詞。句意：一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是，重力意味著液體不會(huì)落到體內(nèi)，所以，顱骨內(nèi)大腦的位置有所變化。前后兩句之間是因果關(guān)系，故該空應(yīng)填連詞so。

【8】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他們可以治療一些人，這些人因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)期臥床引發(fā)了一些問(wèn)題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“caused by long-term bed rest”是定語(yǔ)，修飾problems，problems和cause之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)。

【9】考查介詞。句意：他們還可以幫助那些有腦積液的人，腦積液導(dǎo)致大腦損傷。lead to是固定搭配，意為“導(dǎo)致，造成”。

【10】考查名詞性從句。句意：我們將會(huì)更多地了解大腦內(nèi)的神經(jīng)元是如何連接在一起的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“how neurons(神經(jīng)元)in the brain connect”是賓語(yǔ)從句。結(jié)合句意，該從句應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)。