“Hi,howareya.” some people say when they see a familiar face.The words run together into a mass,all sense and meaning lost. All the same,people do care how you are.After they greet you,it’s likely you will greet them backwith an equally meaningless phrase like,“Can’t complaincan’t complain.”You could probably complain,at length,or share a brilliant thought you were just beginning when a greeting interrupted you.You don’t though,you say,“Great,you

You are not giving each other information about your health and well?being.All the same,you are sharing information.You’re acknowledging each other’s positions as acknowledged friendsor at least as accepted acquaintances.And you are reestablishing the ties that may have lapsed(衰退) since yesterday,when you last met at the elevator or the entrance to the train station.

It’s what anthropologist(人類學(xué)家) Bronislaw Malinoski called a phatic(交流感情的) communication.Its message is not in the words you use,but in the fact that you speak ritually(儀式上地) accepted words.In Asiafor example,people may ask one another if they have eaten,or if they are busy.They’re not really asking for their lunch menu or their agenda,they are saying hello.A phatic signal merely says, “I see you there.” It says hi.

There’s embarrassment of being near people without acknowledging them.That uncomfortable feeling is one reason why lonely passengers in the subway may behave as if they cannot see anyone around them or may escape their uncomfortable situation with a book.Some people read all the way home,and never turn a page.

Your friend isn’t asking how you are,and you aren’t telling him.Howeverhe is recognizing your existence,and when you answeryou are recognizing his.In addition,the set speech you have shared opens the door to closer communications if both agree.Somedayyou may come to real close friendship,and really tell one another how you are.

Meanwhilepeople who greet one another this way do care.They care enough to recognize someone’s essential humanity(人性)They send a signal across the space between,to share,very briefly and lightly,in awareness of one another.

Your greetings prove that neither of you has become a social outcast.How are you?You are still a member of society in good status.You are still the one who knows the rituals and secret passwords necessary to get to work each day.

1.When people greet,they ________.

Awant to show their different educational backgrounds

Bshow nothing related with the words themselves

Cwant to know other people’s privacy

Dexpress something special

2. According to Bronislaw Malinoski,a phatic communication ________.

Ais rarely used by Asian people

Bis too complex to be used often

Chelps establish or keep certain relationships

Doften ruins the normal relationships between friends or acquaintances

3.Some people seldom greet strangers because ________.

Athey want to be polite to others

Bthey feel uncomfortable to do it

Cthey don’t know when to greet them

Dthey want to do something meaningful

4.What does the text mainly tell us?

AGreetings should be given better expressions.

BGreetings convey different meanings to different people.

CGreetings help prove an individual’s social independence.

DGreetings help an individual be connected with the society.

 

【答案】

1.B

2.C

3.B

4.D

【解析】

1.

解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段強調(diào),人們見面打招呼時的用語僅是人們之間交流的一種方式,沒有實際的含義。

2.2】 C

解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二、三段可知,Bronislaw Malinoski所提到的“a phatic communication”指的是在交際中所使用的語言,沒有特定含義,而僅是一種交際方式。這種方式可以幫助建立或鞏固一定的人際關(guān)系。

3.3】 B

解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“There’s embarrassment of being near people without acknowledging them.”和下文所舉的例子可知,有些人不愿意和陌生人打招呼,因為那樣會讓他們感覺很尷尬、不舒服。

4.4D

解析 主旨大意題。文章對打招呼用語進(jìn)行了介紹,認(rèn)為一些用語并沒有實際含義,僅是被用來建立或者維持人們之間的關(guān)系,使人們能更好地融入社會。

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