Question

①During the First World War, some Americans indirectly benefited because of the war. With two million white men fighting in Europe and no new immigrants entering the country, many jobs in the United States became available to blacks and women for the first time.

②Both groups proved their ability to do any kind of job. Women became railway conductors, brick layers, and factory workers. Their presence in traditionally male workplace produced many problems. Men were annoyed by women’s higher productivity and willingness to work for lower pay. Working mothers were often criticized for leaving their families. But many women welcomed the responsibilities. “It was not until our men were called overseas,” said one woman bank executive, “that we make any real onslaught on the realm of finance, and became tellers, managers of departments, and junior and senior officers.”

③Women who did not take jobs helped in the war effort in other ways. They made uniforms, rolled bandages, and campaigned for the sale of Liberty Bonds to help finance the war.

④American manufacturers offered jobs to large numbers of black Americans for the first time as a result of the war. Most factories were located in the North. To take advantage of these new job opportunities, many black families moved from their homes in the South to the Northern cities such as Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Buffalo, Chicago, and Detroit.

⑤White Americans were of two minds about the role of black Americans in the war effort. On the one hand, black workers’ ability to learn new jobs quickly and do them well strengthened the home front, and the black men’s fighting ability helped the Allies win the war. However, many whites did not want to acknowledge that blacks were capable, effective workers. White soldiers returning from the war had no desire to compete for jobs with blacks on equal terms. At the same time, many blacks were not willing to a lesser role once the war had ended.

1.Why could American women and backs find jobs during World War I?

A. They were taken to serve the war.

B. They had their equal right at that time.

C. Workforce was in great need.

D. They had better productivities.

2.Which of the following is Untrue according to the above passage?

A. Blacks women were not allowed to fight in World War I.

B. All American women went to work during World War I.

C. Northern cities applied more blacks during World War I.

D. Women and blacks earned a lot during World War I.

3.Which of the following is the main idea of the whole passage?

A. Americans benefited a lot from World Ward I.

B. World War I had strong effect on America.

C. Some Americans benefited from World War I indirectly.

D. U.S.A. women and blacks contributed much in World War I.

4.Which of the following shows the right structures of the above passage?

A. ①→②③→④⑤ B. ①→①→③→④→⑤

C. ①→②③→④→⑤ D. ①②③→④→⑤

Answer 1

1.C

2.B

3.C

4.A

【解析】

試題分析：本文主要講了在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，一些美國黑人和婦女，由于白人參加歐洲戰(zhàn)爭，同時(shí)沒有移民進(jìn)入，在戰(zhàn)爭期間獲得了許多工作的機(jī)會(huì)。婦女成為鐵路列車員、砌磚工、工廠工人等，同時(shí)婦女通過生產(chǎn)制服、卷棚帶，為自由出售債券資助戰(zhàn)爭而競選。由于戰(zhàn)爭，美國的生產(chǎn)者也給黑人提供了很多的工作，然而在戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束白人回來之后，對(duì)黑人持接受和不認(rèn)同兩種不同的態(tài)度。

1. two million white men fighting in Europe and no new immigrants entering the country可知：在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，白人參加歐洲戰(zhàn)爭，沒有新的移民進(jìn)入，沒有工人，所以工廠處于巨大的需求之中。故選C。

2. became railway conductors, brick layers, and factory workers.可知第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，所以的婦女都去工作了。故選B。

3. the First World War, some Americans indirectly benefited because of the war.意思是：在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)前期間，一些美國人由于戰(zhàn)爭而間接地獲益。而后文主要講述的是由于白人參加戰(zhàn)爭，同時(shí)沒有外來移民進(jìn)入，工廠給黑人和婦女提供了許多工作的機(jī)會(huì)，故而第一次世界大戰(zhàn)使得黑人和婦女從中間接獲益。故選C。

4.①自然段提出第一次世界大戰(zhàn)給婦女和黑人提供許多工作機(jī)會(huì)，使得他們從戰(zhàn)爭中間接受益；第②自然段和第③自然段講述了婦女進(jìn)入工廠工作和帶來的問題，以及婦女不僅在工廠工作，還幫助前線；第④自然段講述了工廠給黑人提供了很多工作崗位，還有白人對(duì)于黑人的不同態(tài)度。故選A。

考點(diǎn)：考查說明文閱讀。