Question

【題目】Putting more green space around an elementary school may help students develop some mental abilities, a study suggests.

Researchers tested students repeatedly over the course of a year on attentiveness and working memory, which is the ability to keep something in mind temporarily for performing a task. The study tracked more than 2,000 students in 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain. The pupils were in the second to fourth grade when the study began. Overall, students whose schools are surrounded by more green space improve more pupils from schools with less green space.

“Policy makers should know that more green space around the school is better for cognitive (認(rèn)知的) development and that they should make sure that kids can see and play in green areas,” one author, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen of the Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology in Barcelona, said in an email. “Existing urban schools should think about replacing concrete or other hard surfaces with green space, and even a few trees may help,” he suggested.

The researchers used satellite images to group schools according to how much green space appeared on the school ground and within about 55 yards of the school’s surrounding property. Their analysis indicated that differences in socioeconomic factors between schools did not account for the study outcome.

Sally Augustin, a psychologist in La Grange Park, Illinois, who used research on how people react to their surroundings to consult on design of buildings, products and services, said the results make sense to her. Augustin, who did not participate in the new study, said the results fit with previous findings that views of nature help children and adults lower stress and perform mental tasks better.

【1】What do we know about the findings of the study?

A. Attentiveness (專注) is the most important quality for students.

B. A good memory enables students to perform a task better.

C. More green space may help the mental development of students.

D. Schools surrounded by more green space are favored by parents.

【2】According to Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, policy makers should _______.

A. reduce the noise near the school

B. reduce air pollution from vehicles

C. provide more green space for kids

D. encourage kids to play more sports

【3】How are the schools classified by the researchers?

A. By green space. B. By test scores.

C. By size. D. By position.

【4】Why is Augustin mentioned in the passage?

A. To introduce another interesting study.

B. To make the findings of the study more convincing.

C. To present new evidence for the study.

D. To show a different viewpoint.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】A

【4】B

【解析】本文為介紹說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)綠化環(huán)境好的小學(xué)能幫助孩子們提高某些心理活動(dòng)能力。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段就指出綠化環(huán)境好的小學(xué)能幫助孩子們提高某些心理活動(dòng)能力，下文一直在圍繞這一話題展開。故選C。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Policy makers should know that more green space around the school is better for cognitive (認(rèn)知的) development and that they should make sure that kids can see and play in green areas,（決策者應(yīng)該知道學(xué)校周圍更多的綠化對(duì)認(rèn)知發(fā)展更好一些，他們應(yīng)該確保孩子們能看到綠地和能在綠地里玩耍）可推知，Mark Nieuwenhuijsen認(rèn)為決策者們應(yīng)該給孩子們提供更多的綠化空間。故選C。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的The researchers used satellite images to group schools according to how much green space appeared on the school ground and within about 55 yards of the school’s surrounding property.可知，研究者們將學(xué)校根據(jù)學(xué)校綠化的比例進(jìn)行了分組（group）。故選A。

【4】推理判斷題。文章最后提到了心理學(xué)專家Augustin，他雖然沒(méi)有參加這項(xiàng)研究，但是認(rèn)為這次研究結(jié)果與以前自然景色能幫助孩子和成人減輕壓力、更好完成心理任務(wù)的觀點(diǎn)是相符的。由此，來(lái)證明這次研究發(fā)現(xiàn)是可信的。故選B。