An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.
The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.
The implication (含義) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”
1.The underlined word “rating” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”.
A. programB. regulation
C. correction D. classification
2.What’s the passage mainly about?
A. A new scientific experiment.
B. The Self-fulfilling Effect.
C. Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”.
D. An improved teaching method.
3.The experiment was made in order to _________.
A. try out a new teaching method
B. pick out the most excellent pupils
C. learn if expectations affect performance
D. give each pupil a proper rating
4.What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?
A. Strict training from Higgins.
B. Her own strong will and hard work.
C. The proper way she was regarded
D. Warm encouragement from Pickering.
5.According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_________”.
A. I’m sure you can make it
B. I will help you any time
C. It is as easy as pie
D. It doesn’t matter if you fail
名校課堂系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆江蘇江陰祝塘中學五校聯(lián)考高二下期中考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：單項填空
Not until he went through real hardship ________the love we have for our families is important.
A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he realized D. he had realized
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆廣東省湛江市高三8月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
People aren’t walking any more---if they can figure out a way to avoid it..
I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn’t in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.
It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune, for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day’s walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced –and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty.
Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise--- the most familiar and natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flower, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.
The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don’t dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.
I say that the green of forests is the mind’s best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.
1.What is the national sickness?
A. Walking too much
B. Traveling too much
C. Driving cars too much
D. Climbing stairs too much.
2.What was life like when the author was young?
A. People usually went around on foot.
B. people often walked 25 miles a day
C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.
D. people considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship.
3.The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that________.
A. middle-aged people like getting back to nature
B. walking in nature helps enrich one’s mind
C. people need regular exercise to keep fit
D. going on foot prevents heart disease
4.What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?
A. A queue of carsB. A ray of traffic light
C. A flash of lightningD. A stream of people
5.What is the author’s intention of writing this passage?
A. To tell people to reflect more on life.
B. To recommend people to give up driving
C. To advise people to do outdoor activities
D. To encourage people to return to walking
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆廣東省深圳市高三上學期第一次五校聯(lián)考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some forms—football, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skills year by year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
1.What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage?
A. Soccer and golf. B. Skiing and skating.
C. Cycling and hockey. D. Mountaineering.
2. The underlined word “passion” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ______.
A. strong emotion B. good way
C. better feeling D. enough affection
3. Mountaineering is a sport, not a game because_______.
A. it has man-made rules
B. it is too dangerous for climbers
C. it can’t bring people joy or leisure
D. it is free for climbers to use their own methods
4. We know from the passage that _______.
A. mountaineering has no appeal for people
B. physical quality is more important than mental one for climbers
C. a mountain climber passes his best by the age of thirty
D. it is possible for an old man of fifty or sixty to climb the Alps
5.What is the best title for the passage?
A. Sports in winter B. Team work in climbing
C. Mountaineering D. The quality for mountaineering
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆廣東省汕頭市高二下期末英語試卷（解析版） 題型：信息匹配
假如你叫李華，現(xiàn)正在美國加利福尼亞州上大學，你的一個朋友劉英寫信向你了解美國加利福尼亞州的情況，請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容提示給他回信簡介加利福尼亞州。
地理方面 | 面積42.4萬平方千米，美國西部，西瀕太平洋，美國面積第三大的州 |
人口方面 | 約38,000,000人； 據(jù)說15000前印第安人首先進入；16世紀歐洲人開始進入；19世紀中世界各地的人帶著發(fā)財夢進入；未來將還會有人因喜愛加州的氣候和生活方式進入。 |
語言方面 | 58% 的人把英語作為母語來講，42%的人講其它語言。 |
加利福尼亞州： California；太平洋：the Pacific；印第安人：Indians
【寫作內(nèi)容】
請根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容給朋友寫回信，內(nèi)容包括：
1、加里福尼亞的地理方面的信息;
2、人口及其語言方面的信息;
3、信的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計入句子數(shù)。
【寫作要求】
只能用5個句子表達全部內(nèi)容。
【評分標準】
句子結(jié)構(gòu)準確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章連貫。
Dear Liu Ying,
Your letter reached me yesterday. You would like me to tell you something about California, so now I am writing to you.
If you want to know more, you may go to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California#History.
Best wishes to you.
Yours ever,
Li Hua
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆廣東省汕頭市高二下學期期中考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
My grandfather came from Hungary and was the only one in his family who se
ttled down in the United States. The rest of his family remained in Europe. When World War I broke out, he seemed to have become another man, downhearted. Such obvious change was not born out of concern for his welfare, but out of fear: if his only son, my uncle, had to go to war, it would be cousin fighting against cousin.
One day in 1918, my Uncle Milton received his draft notice. My grandparents were very upset. But my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war. Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends, my uncle bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted.
The moment came when my uncle and the other soldiers, without any training but all in uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. Although no one noticed. I’m sure my grandmother had a tear in her eye for the only son. The train slowly pulled out, but not about a thousand yards when it suddenly paused. Everyone stared in wonder as the train slowly returned to the station. There was a dead silence before the doors opened and the men started to step out. Someone shouted, “The war is over!” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up in two lines, walked down the steps, and with the band playing, marched down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home. My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didn’t last a tiny bit longer.
1.What the grandfather was most worried about was ______.
A. the spread of the world war
B. the safety of his two cousins
C. a drop in his living standards
D. his relatives killing each other
2.The underlined phrase “draft notice” means “______”.
A. order for army service B. train ticket for Europe
C. letter of rejection D. note of warning
3.What did the “service pins” （in Para. 2） stand for in the eyes of the little girls?
A. Strength.B. Courage.C. Victory.D. Honor.
4.Which of the following words can best describe the ending of the story?
A. Disappointing. B. Unexpected. C. Uncertain. D. Inspiring.
5.Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?
A. The grandfather felt downhearted because he was afraid of receiving a draft notice.
B. The train was traveling fast to the front when the news came that the war was over.
C. None of the soldiers who got on the train for the front line had been trained in advance.
D. Most people including the mother were disappointed that the war didn’t last a bit longer.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆廣東省高三暑假聯(lián)考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：書面表達
【寫作內(nèi)容】
你的筆友George 是英國某動物保護協(xié)會的成員，想了解2011年在上海舉辦的動物運動會的情況。請你根據(jù)下表，向他介紹該運動會的相關(guān)情況。
時間：2011年9月23日 地點：上海野生動物園 事件：2011年動物運動會拉開帷幕 具體報道：（1）30多種200余頭世界各地的動物參加田徑賽、球賽等項目 （2）觀眾席上座無虛席，運動會尤其受小朋友的歡迎 社會反響：一些動物保護組織表示抗議，認為此類運動會剝奪了動物的尊嚴，并對小朋友有不好的影響。 |
參考詞匯：海野生動物園 the Shanghai Animal Park 動物運動會 Animal Games
田徑賽 track and field 尊嚴 dignity
【寫作要求】只能用5個句子表達全部內(nèi)容;信件開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總句數(shù)。
【評分標準】句子結(jié)構(gòu)正確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章連貫
Dear George,
I’m glad to have received your letter, in which you require some information about the Shanghai Animal Games. Here are some details about it.
This is all I know about the animal games. I hope this can be of some help to you.
Yours,
WuJie
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆廣東省廣州市海珠區(qū)高三摸底考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：書面表達
閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
Two years ago, when I was an oversea student, I worked early mornings and late nights to pay for my school fees.
One day, I was seriously ill with a very high fever. I had stayed at home for a few days, and I had run out of food. Because I had been in this town just for a short time, I also had no friends nearby who could help. So I went out to get some food. I would have gone to the supermarket, but on this occasion, I went into a small store because it was closer.
I picked up a few items. When I handed them to the shopkeeper, she said, “You are unwell.” “Yes，” I nodded.
She pointed at the salami and bread I was buying and offered, “I can make you a sandwich, so you don’t have to do it yourself’. So, she made the sandwich and asked me to wait a moment. She went in the back room and returned with a bowl of hot soup.
“It will warm you up,” she said with a genuine smile.
What really warmed me up was not the soup, but her kindness. It made me want to be as kind as the shopkeeper who had been kind to me.
【寫作內(nèi)容】
1. 用約30個詞概括上文的要點；
2. 用約120個詞以“善舉的影響”為話題談談你的想法，內(nèi)容包括：
（1）上文使你回憶起曾經(jīng)有誰的愛心舉動使你感到溫暖；
（2）在感到溫暖之余，你是否受到這個舉動的影響，并把愛心傳遞下去？為什么？
（3）今后，你將如何繼續(xù)傳遞愛心？
【寫作要求】
1. 你可以使用實例或其他論述方法支持你的論點，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2. 作文中不得出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱。
【評分標準】概括準確，語言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫。
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆山西省高二下期末英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Cities need to put efforts to deal with pollution and clear the air.
Chinese cities will need to put efforts to clear up the sky when a new department to improve regional air quality is set up by 2015, according to the latest plan released by the State Council.
Besides the existing pollution control program for SO2, regional emission caps (區(qū)域排放上限) for other certain chemicals will be established in the three key air polluting areas— the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Coal-consumption caps will also be tried out in some areas, according to the plan.
“The plan is aimed at dealing with regional air pollution—such as acid rain and smog—which have become increasingly obvious in China in recent years and caused a severe threat to people’s health,” Zhang Lijun, vice-minister of environmental protection, said in an interview on Monday.
“The air quality in a city affects the regions nearby because pollutants (污染物) Can travel through the atmosphere,” said Chai Fahe, vice-director of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.
“So efforts to reduce air pollution in a single city, targeting a certain pollutant will not be enough,” Chai said.
Zhang said, “The country’s major industrial districts—the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region—have recorded more than 100 misty days annually in recent years.”
These three regions, home to at least 200 million people, occupy only 6. 3 percent of the country’s area but consume 40 percent of the country’s coal and produce half of its steel, according to official figures.
Studies also show that the visibility (能見度) in eastern regions of China has dropped by 7 to 15 km compared to that in the early 1960s, as a result of air pollution.
Liaoning province, the Shandong Peninsula, Wuhan in Hubei province and its surrounding area, the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region in Hunan province, the Chengdu-Chongqing region, and the western coast of the Taiwan Straits are also listed as areas to carry out such regional air pollution control programs, according to the plan.
The new plan also requires an improved air quality system, which will measure the pollution levels. “The current system, which only measures some major pollutants, cannot reflect the true picture.” said Chai.
1. It will not be enough to reduce air pollution in a single city because .
A. air pollution has been becoming more and more serious in recent years
B. air pollution like acid rain and smog is threatening people’s health
C. air pollutants in a city can travel in the sky and affect nearby areas
D. air pollutants stay in fixed places over the cities
2.. Suppose the visibility in eastern regions of China was 130 km in the early 1960s, the visibility there nowadays is .
A. 123 to 115 km B. 137 to 145 km
C. 123 to 145 km D. 115 to 137 km
3.. The main purpose of the passage is .
A. to inform readers of the damage caused by air pollution
B. to introduce the new plan to control air pollution
C. to provide official figures of air pollution levels
D. to point out the regions affected by air pollution
4.. What does the underlined phrase“the true picture”in the last paragraph mean?
A. The major pollutants.
B. The key polluted areas.
C. The major polluted cities.
D. The pollution levels.
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