賣(mài)火柴的小女孩站在墻角,又冷又餓。

The match girl stood in the comer, cold and hungry.

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

閱讀下文,完成文后各題。

“進(jìn)化”不了的愛(ài)

孫君飛

進(jìn)化論包含著殘酷的叢林法則,也隱含著生命的自私自利性。一個(gè)生命個(gè)體要想很好地生存下去,必須要將自己變得更優(yōu)秀,學(xué)會(huì)“排他”,否則優(yōu)勝劣汰的只能是自己。不過(guò),人們?cè)谟^察工蜂時(shí),驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),它們并未受到進(jìn)化論的影響,它們混沌若當(dāng)初,或者說(shuō)它們完美地保持著一種純粹而崇高的精神,這使它們成為生命進(jìn)化中的另類(lèi)。

工蜂屬于生殖器官發(fā)育不完善的雌性蜂,即便能夠產(chǎn)卵,也只是沒(méi)有受精的卵,因此它們自身沒(méi)有繁殖能力。這種缺陷可怕而又不幸,然而工蜂對(duì)此無(wú)動(dòng)于衷,甘愿終身攜帶著缺陷而生,從未奢望將自身進(jìn)化得更完美更強(qiáng)悍。值得稱(chēng)道的是,工蜂的適應(yīng)性反而很強(qiáng)大,它們擁有相當(dāng)厲害的武器——毒刺,刺上長(zhǎng)有倒鉤,一旦“亮劍”就不能回收利用。工蜂的毒刺是不折不扣的雙刃劍,在傷及侵害者的同時(shí),自己的生命也面臨著終結(jié)。

蜜蜂家族中令人難以置信的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)更加震驚著世人的心靈,在這里一切都那么井然有序,合乎“法則”,一切又那么一往情深,合乎“生命之愛(ài)”。蜜蜂的利他主義行為也許會(huì)讓達(dá)爾文難以理解,失去繁殖能力卻能夠?qū)⒏鞣N特征和習(xí)性一代代傳承下去的工蜂可能更讓達(dá)爾文目瞪口呆吧。答案其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單,一切都源于蜜蜂與眾不同的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。換言之,存在于工蜂體內(nèi)的遺傳基因極其頑強(qiáng),只有它們才會(huì)驅(qū)使工蜂去鞠躬盡瘁地照顧其它跟自己具有相同基因的生命,甚至為對(duì)方犧牲自己,卻無(wú)怨無(wú)悔。

蜂后產(chǎn)下的受精卵天生高貴,常常會(huì)孵化出雌性幼蜂,而延續(xù)高貴的辦法只有一個(gè):它們只有食用了工蜂分泌的蜂王漿之后,才能發(fā)育成具有生殖能力的小蜂后,否則它們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)大后依然屬于工蜂——從出生時(shí)開(kāi)始,便將生命獻(xiàn)給蜂群、終日辛勞的工蜂!

由于小蜂后的基因與工蜂的基因幾乎相同,從身形外貌上看,彼此也幾乎一模一樣,這也許使工蜂頓感一陣甜蜜而幸福、神圣而自豪的恍然:站在我面前的,莫不是又一個(gè)“我”?我由此獲得了新生,得到了永恒……工蜂在含辛茹苦喂養(yǎng)小蜂后的過(guò)程中,彼此的血緣關(guān)系升至最親密最牢固。它們?cè)静皇呛敛幌嚓P(guān)的兩個(gè),而是見(jiàn)證生命延續(xù)、利他友愛(ài)的兩個(gè)。因?yàn)橄嗤幕虼婊钤谒鼈兊纳校し湓跐撘庾R(shí)里將蜂后看得比自己的生命更為重要,為了對(duì)方、也為了另一個(gè)“我”和“我們”,它們可以在必要時(shí)完全放棄自己現(xiàn)實(shí)的生命及其未來(lái)。

(選自在《思維與智慧》有刪節(jié))

下列關(guān)于“工蜂”的表述,不符合原文意思的一項(xiàng)是

  A.作為生命個(gè)體,工蜂的生命隱含著自私自利性,要想不被淘汰,它必須將自己變得更優(yōu)秀,學(xué)會(huì)“排他”。   

  B.工蜂之所以成為生命進(jìn)化中的另類(lèi),是因?yàn)樗鼈兺昝赖乇3种环N純粹而崇高的精神,并未受到進(jìn)化論的影響。   

  C.工蜂的適應(yīng)性很強(qiáng),尾部長(zhǎng)有倒鉤的毒刺是相當(dāng)厲害的武器,在傷及侵害者的同時(shí),工蜂的生命也意味著終結(jié)。   

  D.從出生開(kāi)始,就為蜂群而終日辛勞的工蜂,能把各種特征和習(xí)性一代代傳承下去,靠的是與眾不同的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。

下列有關(guān)“蜜蜂繁殖"的表述,符合原文意思的一項(xiàng)是

  A.蜂后是具有生殖能力的雌性蜂,產(chǎn)下的受精卵天生高貴,孵化出雌性幼蜂,幼蜂長(zhǎng)大以后就成為新一代蜂后。

  B.工蜂自身沒(méi)有繁殖能力,屬于生殖器官發(fā)育不完善的雌性蜂,即便能夠產(chǎn)卵,也只是沒(méi)有受精的卵,不能孵化幼蜂。

  C.存在于工蜂體內(nèi)的遺傳基因極其頑強(qiáng),它驅(qū)使工蜂分泌蜂王漿,鞠躬盡瘁地照顧和自己具有相同基因的“孩子”。

  D.蜂后負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)卵,工蜂負(fù)責(zé)喂養(yǎng)幼蜂,因而小蜂后的基因與工蜂的基因幾乎相同,身形外貌上也幾乎一模一樣。

下列根據(jù)原文信息所作的推斷,不正確的一項(xiàng)是

  A.采粉、釀蜜、飼喂幼蟲(chóng)的工蜂是蜂群的主體,兒歌唱的“小蜜蜂,整天忙,采花蜜,釀蜜糖”,指的就是工蜂。

  B.蜜蜂家族一切都井然有序,合乎“法則”,合乎“生命之愛(ài)”,人類(lèi)如果借鑒了這種社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu).可能會(huì)更有利于社會(huì)和諧。

  C.為了蜂后和后代,工蜂不惜犧牲自己,是因?yàn)樗鼈冇蟹瞰I(xiàn)精神,潛意識(shí)里將蜂后和后代看得比自己的生命更重要。

  D.工蜂一生從事的是利他的事業(yè),而不是優(yōu)化自己的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)繁衍后代,從這一點(diǎn)來(lái)看,    達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論“適者生存”不科學(xué)。

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:2006年高考試題(湖南卷)解析版 題型:完形填空

 

閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

I returned to Abuja, the capital of Nigeria, after college graduation. I had been there before my mother became a minister.

Two weeks later, I told my mother I was bored. She said, “Here’re the car keys. Go and buy some fruit.”      1, I jumped into the car and speeded off.

Seeing me or rather my      2, a boy sprang up(跳起來(lái)),      3to sell his bananas and peanuts. “Banana 300 naira. Peanut 200 naira!”

Looking at his black-striped bananas, I      4to 200 total for the fruit and nuts. He      5. I handed him a 500 naira note. He didn’t have      6, so I told him not to worry. He was      7and smiled a row of perfect teeth.

When, two weeks later, I      8this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should     9this country as the son of a      10. But it was hard to find pleasure in a place where it was so      11to see a little boy who should have been in school selling fruit.

“What’s up?” I asked. He answered in     12English, “I … I no get money to buy book.” I took out two 500 naira notes. He looked around      13before sticking his hand into the car     14the bills. One thousand naira means a lot to a family that     15only 50,000 each year.

The next morning, security officers told me, “In this place, when you give a little, people think you’re a fountain of opportunity(機(jī)會(huì)).”

16it’s right, but this happens everywhere in the world. I wondered if my little friend had actually used the money for      17.

After six months’ work in northern Nigeria, I returned and saw him again standing on the road.

“Are you in school now?”

He nodded.

A silence fell as we looked at each other, then I      18what he wanted. I held out a 500 naira note. “Take this.”

He shook his head fiercely and stepped back      19hurt.

“It’s a gift,” I said.

Shaking his head again, he handed me a basket of bananas and peanuts. “I’ve been waiting to      20these to you.”

本文講述了作者畢業(yè)后回到尼日利亞首都阿布賈后,在街上結(jié)識(shí)了一個(gè)賣(mài)水果的小男孩并且慷慨解囊資助他入學(xué),同時(shí)也從另一個(gè)側(cè)面刻畫(huà)了小男孩對(duì)于作者的資助的感激和惴惴不安的心理?忌挥性诎盐樟诉@點(diǎn)才能夠理解命題人的意圖。從命題設(shè)置來(lái)看,命題人從語(yǔ)篇層次上進(jìn)行命題,很好地體現(xiàn)了高考的命題要求。

1.A. Encouraged     B. Disappointed     C. Delighted        D. Confused

2.A. car                B. mother             C. driver     D. keys

3.A. willing            B. afraid             C. eager      D. ashamed

4.A. got down       B. bargained down       C. put down     D. took down

5.A. explained      B. promised        C. agreed            D. admitted

6.A. change        B. notes            C. checks            D. bills

7.A. troubled          B. regretful       C. comfortable        D. grateful

8.A. ran after      B. ran into     C. ran over     D. ran to

9.A. protect           B. enjoy         C. help     D. support

10.A. minister         B. headmaster        C. manager          D. president

11.A. lucky       B. amazing        C. funny        D. common

12.A. old            B. broken      C. traditional      D. modern

13.A. proudly       B. madly       C. curiously        D. nervously

14.A. for             B. with       C. at       D. upon

15.A. spends        B. pays        C. makes        D. affords

16.A. Possibly  B. Actually     C. Certainly        D. Fortunately

17.A. joys      B. nuts            C. books            D. bananas

18.A asked       B. imagined       C. reminded      D. realized

19.A. when      B. as if            C. even if          D. after

20.A. send      B. provide      C. sell         D. give

 

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:湖北省模擬題 題型:翻譯題

完成句子
    閱讀下列各小題,根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)單詞完成句子
1. — Lily, is everyone in the classroom?
    — Not yet, Sir. Look, _________________________the rest of my classmates. (come)
    — Lily, 所有人都在教室里嗎?
    — 還沒(méi)有, 老師. 看! 其他的同學(xué)來(lái)了.
2. The result is not _________________________, which is rather disappointing. (expect)
    結(jié)果不像預(yù)料的那樣讓人滿(mǎn)意, 這讓人很失望.
3. I was struck by its beauty and romance the first time I _________________________France.(foot)
   我初次踏上法國(guó)的國(guó)土, 就被它的美麗和浪漫所陶醉.
4.With my eyes_________________________ the dark, I was lucky to manage to find my way to
    the exit of the cave. (accustom)
   隨著我的眼睛漸漸適應(yīng)了黑暗, 我幸運(yùn)地找到了巖洞的出口.
5. My husband ______________. The sweater that used to fit him well is now too tight for him. (gain)
   我丈夫一定是長(zhǎng)胖了. 這件過(guò)去適合他的運(yùn)動(dòng)衫現(xiàn)在太緊了.
6. No one can tell the reason___________________ the invitation to your wedding ceremony. (refuse)
   沒(méi)人知道他為什么拒絕你的邀請(qǐng)去參加你的婚禮.
7. We are completely lost in the forest, so at the moment we ___________________ be rescued. (help)
    我們?cè)谏掷锿耆月妨? 因此, 此時(shí)我們只能等待救援.
8. The girl under the tall tree was seen _________________________ all the afternoon. (sit)
    有人看見(jiàn)大樹(shù)下的那個(gè)女孩閑坐在那里讀了一下午的書(shū).
9. An umbrella was lying at the access to the hall, but I had no idea_________________________, so
    I picked it up and handed it to the girl at the accepting desk. (be)
    一把傘躺在大廳門(mén)口, 但我不知道是誰(shuí)的,所以我把它撿了起來(lái)給了接待處的那個(gè)女孩.
10. I'm amazed why it is ___________________ your precious time playing computer games.  (waste)
      我很吃驚為什么你把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在玩電腦游戲上.

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:

法國(guó)當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間4月7日中午12點(diǎn)30分,在巴黎的奧運(yùn)火炬?zhèn)鬟f活動(dòng)中,有一個(gè)非常勇敢和可愛(ài)的小女孩引起了全世界的關(guān)注,她就是來(lái)自中國(guó)的殘疾運(yùn)動(dòng)員火炬手(torch bearer)金晶。在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻,她用身體保護(hù)了奧運(yùn)火炬。金晶的舉動(dòng)維護(hù)了奧運(yùn)精神和祖國(guó)尊嚴(yán)(dignity),并感動(dòng)了整個(gè)世界。請(qǐng)結(jié)合自己的認(rèn)識(shí)就此寫(xiě)一篇120-150詞的英語(yǔ)短文。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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