Question

【題目】 To address the plastic pollution troubling the world’s seas and waterways, Cornell University chemists have developed a new polymer (聚合物) that can degrade (降解) plastic when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, according to the research published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

“We have created a new plastic that has the mechanical properties required by commercial fishing gear. If it eventually gets lost in the water environment, this material can degrade on a realistic time scale,” said lead researcher Bryce Lipinski, professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Cornell University. “This material could effectively reduce persistent plastic accumulation in the environment.”

Commercial fishing contributes to about half of all floating plastic waste that ends up in the oceans. Fishing nets and ropes are primarily made from three kinds of polymers, none of which easily degrade. “While research of degradable plastics has received much attention in recent years,” Lipinski said, “obtaining a material with a mechanical strength comparable to commercial plastic remains a difficult challenge.”

Coates and his research team have spent the past 15 years developing the new plastic called isotactic polypropylene oxide, or iPPO. While its original discovery was in 1949, the mechanical strength of this material was unknown before this recent work. The high isotacticity and polymer chain length of their material makes it different from previous plastics and provides its mechanical strength.

Lipinski and other scientists want no race of the polymer to be left in the environment. He notes there is precedent (先例) for the biodegradation of small chains of iPPO which could effectively make it disappear and ongoing efforts aim to prove this.

【1】What is the feature about the new polymer?

A.It can solve the problem of plastic consumption.

B.It can degrade plastic waste in the sea water.

C.It has been developed to solve plastic pollution.

D.It has been developed to lower fishing costs.

【2】What can we infer from paragraph 3?

A.It requires great effort to invent the new plastic.

B.Fishing should be forbidden in the sea.

C.Fishing nets and ropes are not the major pollution source.

D.Degradable plastics were not paid attention to until recent years.

【3】What did the recent study find about iPPO?

A.Its original discovery.B.Its mechanical properties.

C.Its complex structure.D.Its mechanical strength.

【4】What is Lipinski’s attitude towards the future of iPPO?

A.Doubtful.B.Promising.

C.Unconcerned.D.Disapproval.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】D

【4】B

【解析】

本文是說明文�？的螤柎髮W(xué)的化學(xué)家們研發(fā)出一種新型聚合物在紫外線輻射下可以降解塑料。海洋中的塑料污染問題有望得到解決。

【1】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“To address the plastic pollution troubling the world’s seas and waterways, Cornell University chemists have developed a new polymer (聚合物) that can degrade (降解) plastic when exposed to ultraviolet radiation ”可知 ，康奈爾大學(xué)的化學(xué)家們研發(fā)出一種新型聚合物在紫外線輻射下可以降解塑料，這樣可以解決海洋中的塑料污染問題。故選C項。

【2】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Lipinski 所說的話“ ‘While research of degradable plastics has received much attention in recent years,’ …‘obtaining a material with a mechanical strength comparable to commercial plastic remains a difficult challenge.’(雖然近年來可降解塑料的研究受到了很大關(guān)注，但獲得一種機(jī)械強(qiáng)度可與商業(yè)塑料媲美的材料仍然是一項艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。”)”可以推斷，研發(fā)這種新型塑料是一個很大的挑戰(zhàn)，需要付出很多的努力。故選A項。

【3】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“The high isotacticity and polymer chain length of their material makes it different from previous plastics and provides its mechanical strength.（這種材料的高等度和聚合物鏈長度使其有別于以往的塑料，也提供了機(jī)械強(qiáng)度。）”可知，關(guān)于iPPO，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種新型塑料的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度。故選D項。

【4】

推理判斷題。文章最后一段中“He notes there is precedent (先例) for the biodegradation of small chains of iPPO which could effectively make it disappear（他指出曾經(jīng)有先例的對新型塑料iPPO的小鏈可以進(jìn)行生物降解，這可以有效地讓其殘留物消失。）”；根據(jù)最后一句“ongoing efforts aim to prove this（正在進(jìn)行的努力旨在證明這一點。）” Lipinski認(rèn)為這種新型塑料在環(huán)境中的殘余物問題可以得到解決，從而可以推斷，他認(rèn)為這種新型塑料是有前途的。故選B項。