Before discussing different kinds of emotions,let us briefly talk about how researchers measure bodily processes and action or behavior,and how this relates to what we do in our daily lives when we observe emotions in others.

Bodily processes can be directly measured by means of a polygraph.When a polygraph is skillfully used to compare how we react bodily with what we are saying,it is called a “l(fā)ie detector”.Bodily processes can also be measured indirectly.This is what we do when we observe someone blushing (臉紅).However,we are not always aware of what bodily processes respond to.

Measuring action or behavior is the other way researchers assess the emotions.For example,one measure of fear of snakes is how close a person will go to the snake.Another procedure is to have a person tell how afraid he is,or how he feels.In this way,researchers have developed the so－called “fear thermometer” to assess a person's fear.In our everyday living,we do very much the same thing.Only not too systematically,we react to what a person does, what he says,how he says it,and how he looks.Is he smiling? Is his voice trembling? We put all this observations together to infer what a person is feeling.

However,we do not always act as we feel.Sometimes we do things that we don't feel like doing.Sometimes we say we feel one way and then we act another.Actors,for example,successfully learn to “make believe” emotions,or learn to hide them.Thus we cannot always tell what a person is feeling by what he says or by what he does.

1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. We can never tell what a person is feeling.

B. The “fear thermometer” is a way to measure how fearful a person is.

C. Researchers can assess the emotions in some ways.

D. People do not always know what bodily processes they respond to.

2.The underlined word “assess” in the 3rd paragraph is close in meaning to ______.

A. make B. measure

C. discuss D. develop

3.The writer uses the example of actors in order to argue that ______.

A. it is rather easy to become successful actors

B. people do not always act as they feel

C. we can never believe what other people say

D. actors are always telling lies

4.The passage is mainly about ______.

A. the way of assessing the emotion

B. the usefulness of a “l(fā)ie detector”

C. the functioning of different emotions

D. the development of the “fear thermometer”

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