【題目】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)內(nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)詞匯）或括號中詞匯的正確形式。

The amount and brightness of light from towns and cities around the world is at such a high level that it is reducing the darkness of night. Once upon a time, when night fell, we【1】(leave) in darkness. Things are different today. A study【2】(publish) in the journal Science Advances reports that artificial light at night is increasing【3】(rapid) in most countries worldwide. Scientists say it grew by 2.2 percent a year【4】2012 and 2016. The overuse of artificial light at nighttime is causing us many【5】（problem）. According to the International Dark-Sky Association, it is affecting not only our view of the universe, but also our environment, our 【6】(safe), and our health. Artificial light is a threat to our 【7】 (nature) environment. It threatens animals that are active at night. It has ecological effects 【8】many creatures, including humans, and may reshape the entire social ecological system. Many environmentalists thought the【9】(introduce) of LED lights would help the planet. However, cities are using more LED lights because they are cheaper,【10】is adding to the light pollution.

【答案】

【1】were left

【2】published

【3】rapidly

【4】between

【5】problems

【6】safety

【7】natural

【8】on

【9】introduction

【10】which

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。主要說明了發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告稱，世界上大多數(shù)國家的夜間人工照明正在迅速增加，以及夜間過度使用人造光帶來了許多問題。

【1】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。本句中主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)上文fell可知為一般過去時(shí)，主語為we，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were left。

【2】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知publish在句中做非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語study構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。故填published。

【3】考查副詞。修飾動詞increase應(yīng)用副詞rapidly，表示“快速地”。故填rapidly。

【4】考查介詞。根據(jù)短語between…and…表示“在……之間”，故填between。

【5】考查名詞的數(shù)。problem為可數(shù)名詞，由many修飾故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填problems。

【6】考查名詞。根據(jù)上文our為形容詞性物主代詞可知應(yīng)填名詞safety，表示“安全”。故填safety。

【7】考查形容詞。修飾后文名詞environment應(yīng)用形容詞natural，表示“自然的”。故填natural。

【8】考查介詞。根據(jù)短語have an effect on…表示“對……有影響”。故填on。

【9】考查名詞。句意：許多環(huán)保人士認(rèn)為，引入LED燈將有助于保護(hù)地球。根據(jù)上文the可知應(yīng)填名詞introduction，表示“引入”。故填introduction。

【10】考查定語從句。句意：然而，城市正在使用更多的LED燈，因?yàn)樗鼈兏阋�，這增加了光污染。本句為非限定性定語從句修飾上文整個(gè)句子，且從句中缺少主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。

當(dāng)分詞做狀語的時(shí)候，如果構(gòu)成分詞的動詞與句子的主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，就使用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語；當(dāng)二者構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，使用過去分詞做狀語。如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，就使用分詞的完成式。如果分詞與句子的主語沒有關(guān)系，可以使用狀語從句或者獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

如第二小題，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知publish在句中做非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語study構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。故填published。

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