Question

【題目】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項。

Next time a customer comes to your office，offer him a cup of coffee. And when you're doing your holiday shopping online，make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感覺) of warmth encourages emotional warmth，while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions－those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person's perception(感知) of another's “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration，even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences，Bargh argues，when babies' conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations，particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow，published in 1958，showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire，even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done，Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures，and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth，Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses(假設)，handed the students either a hot cup of coffee，or a cold drink，to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form：The drink was then handed back. After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly.” says Bargh.

【1】According to Paragraph 1，a person's emotion may be affected by ________.

A．the visitors to his office

B．the psychology lessons he has

C．his physical feeling of coldness

D．the things he has bought online

【2】The author mentions Harlow's experiment to show that ________.

A．a(chǎn)dults should develop social skills

B．babies need warm physical contact

C．caregivers should be healthy adults

D．monkeys have social relationships

【3】In Bargh's experiment，the students were asked to ________.

A．evaluate someone's personality

B．write down their hypotheses

C．fill out a personal information form

D．hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

【4】We can infer from the passage that ________.

A．a(chǎn)bstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C．physical temperature affects how we see others

D．capable persons are often cold to others

【5】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships

B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation

C．Developing Better Drinking Habits

D．Physical Sensations and Emotions

Answer 1

【答案】【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【4】C

【5】D

【解析】身體上對于外界的感知可以影響人們心理上對于某事物的看法。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。文章中第一段中提到，身體上對于溫暖的感知可以激發(fā)熱情，而一杯冷飲在手可以使人避免頭腦發(fā)熱，可知一個人的情感是由他的身體感知所影響的。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句內(nèi)容可知。

【3】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description.可知。

【4】推理判斷題。文章開頭點明：身體對于冷暖的感知可以影響人的心理，接下來分別用Harlow和Bargh的實驗來證明這個觀點，答案選C。

【5】主旨大意題。本文主要討論了一個研究結果：人對于外界的看法是由身體對于外界的感知所影響的，故答案選D即身體感知和情感。