B

Science isn’t something mysterious, only for the few. Every one of us—whether a poet, worker, or physicist has to be able to think scientifically, and to understand some science, such as whether to smoke, what to eat, and what protection to use. Even for decisions that don’t depend on some scientific facts, science remains the proven set of best methods for getting exact information about the world.

    Some people will end up as policy-makers in government or business. People such as these make decisions that affect the life of everyone, and most of them know no more about science than does the rest of the general public. Yet they are called upon to decide what to do about nuclear reactors(核反應(yīng)堆), global warming, environmental toxins(環(huán)境霉素), expensive space programs, and biomedical research. It’s nonscientists, not scientists, who have the last word on whether the milk we drink can safely come from cows treated with medicine. To make such decisions wisely, the decision makers have to be drawn from a scientifically educated public.

Even if science is irrelevant（不相干的） to the lives of ordinary Americans, a strong scientific spirit is basic to our economy, educational system, and society. This requires lots of young people to become excited enough by science that they decide to become professional scientists. This also requires, to some degree, the support and understanding of the general public.

Scientists are not always able to communicate their findings in an easy-to-understand manner. Although the scientists should do a better job of explaining what they have discovered, members of the general public have to make efforts to understand what is being said.

46．What does the author mean by saying that “a strong scientific spirit is basic to the economy, educational system and society”?

A．School and society should encourage young people to become professional scientists.

B．The school should only teach lessons of economy and education·

C．A scientifically educated public is basic to the economy，educational system and society.

D．More scientists work in our economy, educational system and society.

47．The general public is required to _______.

A．support and understand the need of scientific education

B．check what the scientists are saying

C．give help to the policy-makers

D．become professional scientists

48．The main idea of this passage is _________.

A．policy—makers must be science professionals

B．science is not far from everyone’s life

C．science has nothing to do with ordinary Americans

D．science professionals make decisions that affect the life of everyone

49．According to the passage, who can decide whether the milk we drink can safely come from

cows treated with medicine?

A．Scientists      B．Young people      C．The public     D．Policy-makers

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Vans, Keds, Dollies—they sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, you'll know they're actually the latest in teenage footwear.

But experts are now warning that the current shoe fashions will be causing teenagers discomfort in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future.

Here, the experts identify the problems caused by teenagers' shoe choice.

KEDS/VANS

Slip-on shoes with elastic (彈性的）sides are particularly popular among teenage boys - with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands.

The main problem is that they are just too flat—so flat that the heel, which strikes the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful.

BALLET PUMPS

The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.

“As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing an awkward gait（步法）, this leads to short- and long-term problems such as calluses（繭子）, heel and knee pain.”

WEDGES AND STILETTOS

These shoes can also cause problems with gait. They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer's body weight forward, making them very unstable.

Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with constant back pain.

SCHOOL SHOES

So what do podiatrists（足科醫(yī)生）have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear?

Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as Clark's, Marks & Spencer or Rhino.

If your teen insists on wearing 'bad' shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矯形器) in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage.

Of all the shoes mentioned in the passage, which can cause the worst problems?

  A. Marks & Spencer.                       B. Wedges & Stilettos.   

C. Keds and Vans.                       D. Ballet Pumps.

Which pair of shoes may not be found on the podiatrists’ wish list?

                                         

The underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably means _______.

A. increase         B. worsen           C. stop           D. cure

From this passage we can infer _______.

  A. trendy shoes may ruin teenagers’ health

B. fashionable shoes all have orthotics in them

  C. experts are strongly against wearing popular shoes

  D. podiatrists are expert at producing branded shoes

In which column of Mail Online can you find this passage?

  A. Sports.          B. Science.           C. Health.             D. Shopping.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

    An ichthyologist is a scientist who studies fish. Most people who do this job say they love their work because it is very rewarding and varied. They work not only inside a laboratory, but also out in the field. Fieldwork includes traveling to rivers, oceans and lakes in order to collect information and specimens（樣本）, Reading, writing and speaking are also very important to the job. Fish scientists need to read the research of other scientists. They must he able to write up their own research clearly so that others can follow it. They also need to be able to give lectures about their findings, so that they can spread knowledge.

      Ichthyologists who wish to specialize can choose any one of three areas of study. The first area is aquaculture  (水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖). This involves the study and practice of fish farming and management. Because it is a rather new study, there are very few job opportunities available. However, as there is so much to discover, many see it as an exciting area for a new ichthyologist to enter. The second area is fisheries science, which means working with a team of scientists to find out more about different fish species. The third area is about the protection of natural fish populations. This is very important today, given that many fish species are in danger of dying out because of the actions of humans.

     To become a successful fish scientist, you need to have a curious mind and be able to work on your own. You also need to be able to handle equipment and perform experiments; but most importantly, you must love fish. To become an ichthyologist, you will need to train at a university to pass a Bachelor of Science degree. For this, you will need to be good at mathematics, physical science and biology. Then, you will need to study for another year to complete an honours degree in ichthyology. This honours degree contains coursework about all aspects of fish. You also need to complete a research paper.

68. What makes the jobs of ichthyologists so varied?

   A. They study fish habits and collect information.

   B. They have to study science and mathematics.

   C. They work in fields as well as in laboratories.

   D. They read research papers written by others.

69. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

   A. An ichthyologist has an interesting and varied profession.

    B. Aquaculture is the study of fish protection.

    C. The life of an ichthyologist can involve lots of travel.

    D. A fish scientist needs to be independent and curious about things.

 70. Who is most likely to become an ichthyologist?

    A. Tom, because he likes fishing and outdoor sports.

    B. Jack, because he likes to travel and read adventure books.

    C. Jenny, because she likes science, mathematics and reading about dinosaurs.

    D. Jane, because she likes mathematics, science, biology and searching rock-pools.

 71. The passage is probably written for         .

    A. university students                        B. science researchers

    C. fisheries experts                          D. fish farmers

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span.

“ I think we are knocking at the door of immortality (永生),” said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. “ I think by 2075 we will see it and that’s a conservative estimate.”

At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(納米技術(shù)) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. “ There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,” he said. “ Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years.”

However, many scientists who specialize in aging are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.

Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. “ It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?” said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Center. “ At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.”

 

73. By saying “ we are knocking at the door immortality”, Michael Zey means_____.

   A. they believe that there is no limit of living

   B. they are sure to find the truth about long living

   C. they have got some ideas about living forever

   D. they are able to make people live past the present life span

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   A. people can live from 120 to 180

   B. it is still doubtful how long humans can live

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   D. it is possible for humans to live longer in the future

75. The underlined “ it” (Para. 4) refers to_____.

   A. a great push

   B. the idea of living beyond the present life span

   C. the idea of living from 200 to 300

   D. the conservative estimate

76. What would be the best title for this text?

   A. Living longer or not

   B. Science, technology and long living

   C. No limit for human life

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Since the gene, called DAF-16 in worms, was found in many animals and in humans, the finding could open up new ways to affect aging, immunity(免疫)and resistance in humans, the scientists said.?
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“What we have found is that things like resistance and aging tend to go hand in hand,” May said in an interview.?
May’s team compared longevity, stress resistance and immunity in four related species of worm. They also looked for differences in the activity of DAF-16 in each of the four species, and found that they were all quite distinct.?
May said DAF-16 was active in most cells in the body and was very similar to a group of human genes called FOXO genes, which scientists believe play a role in the aging process.?
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71. In which section may the text appear in a newspaper? ?
A. Education.              B. Science.          C. Entertainment.         D. Culture.
72. According to May_________,.?
A. resistance has a lot to do with aging?
B. FOXO genes can be found in worms?
C. genes play the same role in different species?
D. new drugs will change the genes in older people
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A. New ways have been found to affect aging. ?
B. Babies in the rich world will all live longer. ?
C. Present social care systems are poorly managed.?
D. Aging populations are causing more challenges.
74. From the text we know that DAF-16.?
A. is a gene that is only found in worms?
B. can make people live longer?
C. has an effect on aging and immunity?
D. has been quite familiar to scientists
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A. Scientists Find Gene Linked to Aging?
B. Population Aging Faster than Expected?
C. How to Make People Live Longer?
D. Gene Determines How Long We Live

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科目：高中英語 來源：20102011黑龍江慶安三中高二下學期期中考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解

Since the gene , called DAF-16 in worms, was found in many animals and in humans, the finding could open up new ways to affect aging ,immunity and resistance in humans the scientists said.

   “We wanted to find out how normal aging is being governed by genes and what effect these genes have on other traits such as immunity,”said Robin May , who led the study.

   Populations across the world are aging at a surprising pace , bring potentially big challenges for health and social care systems . A study by Danish scientists last year found that half of babies born in rich world today will live to celebrate their 100th birthday . Scientists are eager to find out how people age to try to develop drugs to help them stay healthier lives extend.

  “What we have found is that things like resistance and aging tend go hand in hang “ May said in an interview

  May’s team compared longevity ,stress resistance and immunity in four related species of worm. They also looked for differences in the activity of DAV-16 in each of the four species and found that they were all quite distinct.

  May said DAF-16 was active in most cells in the body and was very similar to a group of human genes called FOXO genes , which scientists believe play a role in the aging process.  “The fact that subtle differences in DAF-16 between species seem to have such an impact on aging and health is very interesting and many explain how differences in lifespan and related traits have arisen during evolution，”May said

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  A  Education   B  Science   C  Entertainment    D  Culture

2. According to May ,   

  A resistance has a lot of to do with aging    B FOXO genes can be found in worms

  C genes play the same role in difference species   D  new drugs will change the genes in older people

3.From the text we know that DAF-16   

  A is a gene that is only found in worms     B can make people live longer

  C has an effect on aging and immunity     D  has been quite familiar to scientists

 

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