Question

5．Economists usually study markets．Now，two Americans have won the Nobel Prize in economics in 2009 for not studying markets．They shared almost one and a half million dollars for their analysis of economic governance．This is the study of how economic activity is governed within companies，communities and other groups．
 The winners are Elinor Ostrom of Indiana University in Bloomington and Oliver Williamson of the University of California，Berkeley．The prize in economic sciences has gone to sixty-three men since it was first awarded forty years ago．Elinor Ostrom is the first woman．And，like other winners over the years，her training is not limited to economics．She is a professor of political science and of public and environmental affairs．
 Today，economic theory suggests that good resource management requires ownership，either private or public．If not，as the thinking goes，then self-interest will lead to overuse and destruction of shared resources．Garrett Hardin described this idea in 1986 as"the tragedy of the commons"．
 Elinor Ostrom showed how local decision making can reduce the tragedy．Her research has deepened understanding of how people balance their needs with those of others who depend on the same resources．She studied communities，like fanners in Southern California who depended on a common water supply．She documented how people who use resources often develop ways to share them．One example is forest management．
 Oliver WUliamson has studied big companies and found that they often are better than markets at doing complex jobs．Under his theory，businesses act as structures for conflict resolution （解決） For example，companies that own their suppliers can avoid long-term contracts and quarrel over prices．This can make production more efficient and make better use of limited resources．But businesses can also overuse their power．Professor Williamson says the best way to deal with this is not by limiting the size of companies，but through industry regulation．
 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said economists need to do more than study markets and prices．The Nobel judges urged more research like the kind they recognized with this year's award．
68．The two people．who won the Nobel Prize in economics in 2009．D
 A．have studied markets for a long time
 B．got a prize of about 1.5 million dollars each
 C．are famous for studying how economic activity is monitored
 D．are well-known for their economic governance in groups
69．Which of the following may Elinor Ostrom agree with？D
 A．Excellent resource management needs both private and public ownership．
 B．Shared resources will be likely to lead to self-interest．
 C．Garrett Hardin's opinion of"the tragedy of the commons"．
 D．Local decision is good for people to share resources．
70．In Oliver Williamsion's opinion，big companies．C
 A．can balance people's needs
 B．will lead to overuse of shared resources
 C．will make better use of resources
 D．will make price higher
71．It can be inferred frim the text that．A
 A．not all economic Nobel Prize receivers are good at studying prices
 B．doing complex jobs is a difficult problem for big companies
 C．in the author's opinion，Garrett Hardin's theory is out of date completely
 D．Nobel judges think more research should be done to prove Oliver Williamsin's theory．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要講述諾貝爾經濟獎的獲得者的一些具體的經濟理論．

解答 DDCA
68   D    細節(jié)題． 根據文章第一 段This is the study of how economic activity is governed within companies，communities and other groups．  可知兩位獲得者因為群體經濟管理而出名，故選D．
69   D    細節(jié)題． 根據文章第三 段Her research has deepened understanding of how people balance their needs with those of others who depend on the same resources． 可知Elinor Ostrom 認為地方的決定會有利于資源的分享和避免悲劇，故選D．
70  C     細節(jié)題． 根據文章倒數(shù)第二 段This can make production more efficient and make better use of limited resources． 可知大公司擅長利用資源，故選C．
71    A    推理判斷題．  根據文章最后一段economists need to do more than study markets and prices 可知并不是所有的經濟學獎獲得者對價格都有研究，故選A．

點評 考察學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．