Question

B
What happens inside the skull of a soccer player when repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (腦震蕩) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic (外傷的) brain injury”, like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
【小題1】The passage is most probably a ________.

A．news report	B．research report
C．story for soccer players	D．text for doctors

【小題2】 In which way can researchers find the structural changes in the brain?

A．Computerized test	B．Questionnaire
C．Scanning	D．M.R.I. technique

【小題3】 From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have ________.

A．significant effect on brain	B．little effect on one’s brain
C．nothing to do with the brain injury	D．one’s memory improved

【小題4】What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?

A．Playing soccer frequently	B．Tests of their memory
C．White matter loss	D．Information processing

【小題5】The underlined word “fumbling” is closest in meaning to ________?

A．remembering

B．misunderstanding

C．recalling

D．missing

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】A
【小題4】C
【小題5】D

解析試題分析：本文關(guān)于頂足球?qū)η嗌倌甏竽X的影響的科普文章，作者簡要描述了一些研究數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果，得出結(jié)論，一年頂球超過 1100 次以上會(huì)對大腦結(jié)構(gòu)有影響。
【小題1】B�？疾橥评砼袛嗄芰�。要根據(jù)文章第一段的最后一句話That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
和第二段來分析理解。
【小題2】D�？疾榧�(xì)節(jié)理解能力。根據(jù)文章第三段Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.和其他內(nèi)容的理解。
【小題3】A�？疾橥评砼袛嗄芰Α８鶕�(jù)全文內(nèi)容的簡單推理。
【小題4】C�？疾榧�(xì)節(jié)理解能力。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段According to the data they presented at Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.的理解。
【小題5】D�？疾椴聹y詞義的能力。根據(jù)文章最后一段The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.本句出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞 forgetting 和句義內(nèi)容等整體把握。
考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評：文關(guān)于頂足球?qū)η嗌倌甏竽X的影響的科普文章，作者簡要描述了一些研究數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果，主要考查推理題。在解題時(shí)要立足已知，推斷未知。立足現(xiàn)在，猜測未來。不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn);要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摸作者的態(tài)度，摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。