Question

20．Innocent Fast Food Restaurant
A study by academics from the University of California and Northwestern University claimed that"the causal link between the consumption of restaurant foods and obesity （肥胖） is minimal at best．"
It argued that a tax on high-calorie （卡路里） food，（33）whichwas proposed by many health campaigners in the US and Britain，might therefore not be an effective way for governments to deal with the problem．
It analyzed data on calorie intake around the country，which （34）had been collected（collect） before under the leadership of the US Department of Agriculture．The study found that people living closer （35）torestaurants were not significantly more likely to be obese than people living further away，（36）indicating（indicate） that easy access to restaurants had little effect．
It also showed that while restaurant meals typically held more calories than home-produced food，many customers often make up for this by eating （37）less（little） throughout the rest of the day．
"Obese people who ate at restaurants，"the study indicated，"also eat more when they eat at home．"
The US government estimates （38）thatabout one in three Americans，or 100 million in total，are obese．Last month it was predicted that 75 percent of Americans would be overweight in 2020．
The problem is thought to cost Americans between 150billionand170 billion in annual medical costs．
"While taxing restaurant meals might means （39）changing（change） where these consumers eat，"the study's authors，Michael Anderson and David Matsa，wrote，"our study results suggest that a tax （40）wouldbe unlikely to affect their potential tendency to overeat．"

Answer 1

分析 加利福尼亞大學(xué)和西北大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)"快餐食物和肥胖之間并沒有必然聯(lián)系"．  在英國和美國，眾多的健康人士建議對(duì)高卡路里食物征稅，但是這項(xiàng)研究卻表明這樣做也許并不是政府解決肥胖問題的有效途徑． 該研究分析了由美國農(nóng)業(yè)局統(tǒng)計(jì)的關(guān)于美國各個(gè)地區(qū)人們卡路里攝入量的數(shù)據(jù)．結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)住在餐館附近的人并不比遠(yuǎn)地方的人更加肥胖，這就意味著離快餐店近并不是造成肥胖的直接原因．研究還表明雖然快餐食物通常含有比家里自制的食物更高的卡路里，但是人們?cè)诔酝昕觳褪澄镏�后往往�?huì)減少一天食物的攝入量，這樣副作用就抵消了． 研究表明，在餐館吃飯的肥胖人士在自己家里的時(shí)候往往也會(huì)吃得很多． 美國政府估計(jì)每一百個(gè)美國人中間就有一個(gè)肥胖者．上個(gè)月的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查預(yù)估到2020 年75%的美國人都會(huì)超重．肥胖問題每年都會(huì)花費(fèi)美國政府1500 億到1700 億美元的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用． 研究者認(rèn)為，"盡管向高卡路里食物征稅可能改變?nèi)藗兊木筒偷攸c(diǎn)，但是卻不能改變他們潛在的過度飲食的習(xí)慣．"

解答 33．which；考查關(guān)系代詞，結(jié)合上下文語境，這里用關(guān)系代詞which指代It argued that a tax on high-calorie （卡路里） food這件事．
34．had been collected；考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，短文通篇用了過去時(shí)態(tài)，這里句子中又出現(xiàn)了before，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去之前，即"過去的過去"，所以要用過去完成時(shí)．
35．to；考查固定搭配，"距離…很近"用短語"be close to"，在文中形容詞close用了它的比較級(jí)形式．
36．indicating；考查分詞作狀語，結(jié)合上下文，前面的句子動(dòng)詞indicate之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語．
37．less；考查比較級(jí)，結(jié)合上下文，這里認(rèn)為消費(fèi)者"吃完快餐后回家吃的就少了"，作者把吃快餐和在家吃的作了比較，所以要用比較級(jí)．
38．that；考查關(guān)系代詞，這里用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作動(dòng)詞estimates 的賓語．
39．changing；考查習(xí)慣用法，動(dòng)詞mean后面通常跟doing或to do，mean doing表示"意味著"，mean to do表示"打算"；結(jié)合上下文這里應(yīng)該用mean doing．
40．would；考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意空格處用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would表示語氣更加委婉，意為"征稅將不可能改變他們過度飲食的習(xí)慣"．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 在短文改錯(cuò)當(dāng)中，首先要從整體掌握短文大意，結(jié)合上下文語境并充分運(yùn)用平時(shí)掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，充分運(yùn)用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，包括一些實(shí)詞和虛詞的用法，固定短語搭配，習(xí)慣性用法，結(jié)合上下文整體關(guān)系，找出錯(cuò)誤并加以修正．