Question

【題目】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Today, Mandatory(強(qiáng)制的) recycling is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs largely along free market lines and the current landfilling waste remains inexpensive and efficient.

Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most places. This fact, 【1】(couple) with the disappearance of the so-called “l(fā)andfill crisis” of the mid-1990s, means that recycling has not caught on, which runs 【2】 some environmentalists’ wishes.

However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by automating sorting and processing. They’ve also found profitable markets for the recyclables(可回收物) 【3】 cast-off items are acceptable or even welcome. Increased efforts by green groups 【4】(educate) the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped.

【5】 uneconomical recycling seems to some people, some cities, such as Pittsburgh, San Diego and Seattle, have made recycling mandatory. In these cities, recyclables are banned from both household and business garbage. Families 【6】 recycle all basic recyclables, such as paper, cardboard, glass and plastic. To businesses with garbage containers “polluted” with more than 10 recyclables，warnings 【7】(issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.

New York, a national leader on recycling, decided to stop its least cost-effective recycling programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. But rising landfill costs ate up the $39 million savings expected.

As a result, the city brought back plastic and glass recycling and committed to a 20-year contract with a recycling firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which built the 【8】(advanced) recycling facility in the country.

The company focuses on 【9】could cut costs. Automation has streamlined the sorting process, and easy access to rail has cut both the environmental and transportation costs. The new deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents, 【10】(show) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money, landfill space and the environment.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】coupled

【2】against

【3】where

【4】to educate

【5】No matter how

【6】must

【7】are issued

【8】most advanced

【9】what/whatever

【10】showing

【解析】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了強(qiáng)制回收政策在美國(guó)的實(shí)施情況及面臨的困難。

【1】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這一事實(shí)，加上20世紀(jì)90年代中期所謂的垃圾填埋危機(jī)的消失，意味著回收利用還沒(méi)有流行起來(lái)，這違背了一些環(huán)保主義者的愿望。be coupled with表示“與……結(jié)合、加”，此處去掉be作后置定語(yǔ)，故填coupled。

【2】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意同上，由“ recycling has not caught on”可知，run against表示“違反、違背”符合句意，故填against。

【3】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了可回收利用的有利可圖的市場(chǎng)，可以接受甚至歡迎丟棄的物品。此處為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為markets，指地點(diǎn)，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。

【4】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：環(huán)保組織加大了對(duì)公眾進(jìn)行回收益處教育的努力，也起到了一定作用。efforts后接不定式作后置定語(yǔ)， “efforts to do”表示“做……的努力”，故填to educate。

【5】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：不管回收在某些人看來(lái)多么不經(jīng)濟(jì)，一些城市，如匹茲堡，圣地亞哥和西雅圖，已經(jīng)強(qiáng)制回收。根據(jù)句意可知前后是讓步關(guān)系，此處表示“不管怎么、無(wú)論怎樣”，故填No matter how。

【6】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：家庭必須回收所有基本的可回收物，如紙張、紙板、玻璃和塑料�？蘸笫莿�(dòng)詞原形，因此此處用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，上文說(shuō)這些城市強(qiáng)制回收，因此此處表示“必須”，故填must。

【7】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：對(duì)裝有超過(guò)10種可回收物品的垃圾容器的企業(yè)發(fā)出警告。warnings 與issue之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，文章的基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填are issued。

【8】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：因此，該市恢復(fù)了塑料和玻璃的回收，并承諾與回收Hugo Neu Corporation公司簽訂20年的合同，該公司建造了全國(guó)最先進(jìn)的回收設(shè)施。定冠詞the修飾形容詞最高級(jí)，故填most advanced。

【9】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：公司專注于（任何）可以削減成本的事情。此處為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填what/whatever。

【10】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：新政和新設(shè)施使這座城市及其居民的回收效率得到提高，表明負(fù)責(zé)任地運(yùn)行回收計(jì)劃實(shí)際上可以節(jié)省資金、填埋空間和環(huán)境。The new deal and new facility與show之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填showing。