5.While some scientists overlook the existence of a sixth sense for danger,a new research from Washington University in St.Louis has discovered a brain area that clearly acts as an early warning system and helps us adjust our behavior to avoid dangerous situations.
"Our brains are better at picking up not obvious warning signs than we previously thought,"said Joshua Brown,a PhD in psychology in the issue of the journal Science.
The findings offer exact scientific evidence for a new way to form a concept of the complex control processes taking place in and around the ACC,a brain area located near the top of the frontal lobes (耳垂) and along the walls that divide the left and right hemispheres (大腦半球).
"In the past,we found activity in the ACC when people had to make a difficult decision,or after they make a mistake,"Brown said."But now we find that this brain area can actually learn to recognize when you might make a mistake,even before a difficult decision has to be made.So the ACC appears to act as an early warning system--it learns to warn us in advance when our behavior might lead to a negative outcome,so that we can be more careful and avoid making a mistake."
By providing a clearer picture by which we self monitor and control our behavior,the study is an important step in efforts to develop more effective treatments for mental illnesses.It also provides a new way of understanding inappropriate behaviors that often accompany mental illnesses.
"Our results suggest how injury of the ACC can lead to breakdowns in the early warning system,so that the brain fails to stop or control inappropriate behavior ahead of time,"said Brown.
"On the other hand,in those persons with mental disorder,the ACC might warn us of an upcoming problem even when no problem is in the existence."
Known to be an important part of the brain's control system,the ACC is believed to help adjust between cold,hard,fact-based reasoning and emotional responses,such as love,fear or expectation.
68.According to the passage,the ACCD.
A.refers to the sixth sense for danger
B.deals with obvious warning situations
C.connects the left and right hemispheres
D.sends warning messages in advance
69.The new research is beneficial because itC.
A.provides a new way of avoiding mistakes
B.adjusts emotional responses in time of danger
C.helps find better treatments for mental illnesses
D.assists people in predicting and avoiding danger
70.The new research helps us understandA.
A.why we are likely to make mistakes when the ACC is badly injured
B.why people with illnesses usually have so many strange behaviors
C.how the ACC works when something dangerous happens
D.how our brain warns us of failure in advance.
分析 盡管一些科學家忽視了第六感預見危險的存在,但華盛頓大學-圣路易斯的一項新研究發(fā)現,大腦區(qū)域顯然可以作為一個早期預警系統(tǒng),幫助我們調整我們的行為以避免危險.
解答 68.D.詞義猜測題.根據第四段So the ACC appears to act as an early warning system--it learns to warnus in advance when our behavior might lead to a negative outcome,so that we can be more careful and avoid making a mistake."所以ACC似乎充當著一個早期預警系統(tǒng)的角色,當我們的行為可能會導致負面的結果時,它會提前提醒我們,以便使我們能更小心,避免犯錯誤.故選D.
69.C.細節(jié)理解題.根據第五段By providing a clearer picture by which we self monitor and control our behavior,the study is an important step in efforts to develop more effective treatments for mental illnesses.通過提供一個由我們自我監(jiān)控和控制我們的行為的更清晰的圖片,這項研究在努力開發(fā)更有效的治療精神疾病上邁出了重要一步.故選C.
70.A.細節(jié)理解題.根據文章倒數第三段"Our results suggest how injury of the ACC can lead to breakdowns in the early warning system,so that the brain fails to stop or control inappropriate behavior ahead of time"我們的研究結果顯示,有損傷的ACC可以導致預警系統(tǒng)故障,使大腦無法停止或者提前控制不恰當的行為;故選A.
點評 考察學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.