The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare’s time is estimated(估計(jì)) to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.
In fact, it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate(足夠的) working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.
The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

  1. 1.

    What would be the best title for this passage?

    1. A.
      The Difficulties of Learning English
    2. B.
      International Communications
    3. C.
      The Standard Varieties of English
    4. D.
      English as a World Language
  2. 2.

    Which of the following statements is NOT true?

    1. A.
      Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.
    2. B.
      There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.
    3. C.
      It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.
    4. D.
      People learn English for a variety of reasons.
  3. 3.

    According to the passage, what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?

    1. A.
      It was popular during Shakespeare’s time.
    2. B.
      It is used in former British colonies.
    3. C.
      It serves the needs of its native speakers.
    4. D.
      It is a world language that is used for international communication.
  4. 4.

    What forms an adequate working knowledge of English?

    1. A.
      The ability to read a newspaper.
    2. B.
      It is difficult to judge because it differs for each situation.
    3. C.
      Being a multilingual.
    4. D.
      Being a native speaker.
  5. 5.

    What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English?

    1. A.
      Those geographically close to the United States.
    2. B.
      Those interested in the culture of the United States.
    3. C.
      Former colonies of Great Britain.
    4. D.
      Countries where international conferences are held.
DADBC
本文介紹了英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展變化情況，說(shuō)明了英語(yǔ)最后成為世界語(yǔ)言的原因及英語(yǔ)在當(dāng)代社會(huì)中的重要性。
1.主旨題。根據(jù)第3段第1句及全文的內(nèi)容：英語(yǔ)在各個(gè)國(guó)家的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，可推知此題的答案為 D。
2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第1段中第2句及第2段的第1句的描述可推知此題的答案為A。
3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的描述，英語(yǔ)在世界不同領(lǐng)域、不同的地區(qū)的使用，可推知此題的答案為D。
4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第2段最后一句可推知此題答案為B。
5.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第2句可推知此題答案為C。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013屆浙江省紹興一中高三回頭考試英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：完型填空

Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But,   41   , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often    42   the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers     43    become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business---    44   that the customer remains a customer.
     45   to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the    46     company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. In constantly changing    47    , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.
Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to these lost opportunities and calculate the   48  implications.     49    the number of customers a company loses can make a big    50   in its performance. Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting(流失的) customers led to    51   increases of between 25 and 85 percent.
In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is     52    more than five thousand dollars over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or     53    on their first visit and    54     never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in   55    profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).
The logic behind cultivating customer   56    is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to     57   them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’s School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits.     58     customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price    59   , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it   60  for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.”

【小題1】
A．in particularB．in realityC．a(chǎn)t leastD．first of all
【小題2】
A．emphasizeB．doubtC．overlookD．believe
【小題3】
A．tend toB．contribute toC．a(chǎn)ppeal toD．devote to
【小題4】
A．denyingB．ensuringC．a(chǎn)rguingD．proving
【小題5】
A．MovingB．HopingC．Starting D．Failing
【小題6】
A．a(chǎn)verageB．ordinaryC．normalD．usual
【小題7】
A．marketsB．tastesC．prices D．expenses
【小題8】
A．culturalB．socialC．financial D．economical
【小題9】
A．Cutting upB．Cutting throughC．Cutting in D．Cutting down
【小題10】
A．promise B．planC．mistake D．difference
【小題11】
A．costB．opportunityC．profit D．budget
【小題12】
A．worthyB．worthC．valueD．price
【小題13】
A．serviceB．deliveryC．orderD．promotion
【小題14】
A．a(chǎn)s a resultB．on the wholeC．in conclusion D．on the contrary
【小題15】
A．hugeB．potentialC．extra D．reasonable
【小題16】
A．beliefsB．loyaltyC．interestD．habits
【小題17】
A．a(chǎn)lteringB．understandingC．keepingD．a(chǎn)ttracting
【小題18】
A．EstablishedB．AssumedC．Respected D．Unexpected
【小題19】
A．SensitiveB．friendlyC．flexibleD．a(chǎn)greeable
【小題20】
A．unfairB．convenientC．difficult D．essential

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B
A sign is another kind of language. Here are some of them that you see on the roads.
Number one is a sign with the number thirty on it. When drivers see this sign, they must not go at more than thirty kilometers an hour. We see this sign when we are getting near a town. Number two is a sign that we’re near a crossing. We must drive carefully. Number three is a sign that there is a bend in the road. Again, we must drive slowly and carefully. It is not safe to go round a bend very fast. Number four is a sign that there is another road coming in from the right. There is a junction at this place. Number five is a sign that there is a hill and number six is a sign that the road gets narrow. Drivers must go slowly and carefully. Number seven has the word “SCHOOL” on it. This is a sign that there is a school at the side of the street or the road. Perhaps there are children going to or leaving school. So drivers must look carefully and go slowly. Number eight is a sign with the letter “P” on it. The letter “P” means “Parking”. At some places, there’re the signs “No parking” or “No waiting”. If a driver leaves his car near one of these signs, a policeman may come and write down the number of his car.
61. At the places where you see Sign 1, ________.
A. you are already out of a town
B. you still have thirty kilometers to go
C. there must be a town thirty kilometers away
D. there must be many houses and buildings not far away
62. There stands Sign 2 near a place where________.
A. two roads cross            B. people can cross the road
C. the roads get narrow        D. there are no traffic lights
63. You have to drive not only slowly but also carefully when you find________.
A. each of the eight signs              B. either of Signs 2 and 3
C. all of Signs 3, 5, 6 and 7           D. any of Signs 3, 5, 6 and 7
64. A driver can leave his car________.
A. near Sign 8 at any time
B. near a sign with “No parking” on it
C. near a sign with “No waiting” if there’re no police there
D. near a sign with “P” on it in the daytime
65. People put these signs on the roads to________.
A. show drivers the way           B. stop cars going too fast
C. make driving even safer         D. learn another kind of language

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Come prepared: When you arrive at a race, your bike should be in race-ready condition.
Chain Management: Chain damage is still the number one problem with mountain bikes. Keeping your chain clean and well-oiled will help, as will frequent chain replacement. Periodic inspection of your chain for wear, stretch and damage may save you a long walk home.
Packing Tape: This can be used for rims trips, boots for fractured tires and a dozen more makeshift repairs. If you've flown to the race, it also saves you from having to borrow tape to close up your bike box for the flight home. Other musts: safety pins and plastic zip ties.
Pre-race: Visual inspections before any serious off-road ride, carefully examine the area where the tire hooks onto the rim and remove any foreign objects which could cause premature（比預(yù)期早的）tire wear.
Tire Pressure: Check tire pressure before race start. The recommended pressure is noted on the tire sidewall, usually 40 lbs., many racers run 50 lbs., or more for less rolling resistance.
Be Self-Contained: Make sure you are self-contained. Bring your own drinking water, food and first aid kit. Also have tools, spare parts, tubes, quick fills and a chain tool. Never suppose you can just borrow these items from a friend.
Post-race Visual Inspections: Inspect your bike after completing each event, especially before competing in a downhill event. Re-inspect before packing your bike for the trip home.
Have Fun!
73. This passage is written for those who _______.
A. go in for outdoor activities                        B. love cycling in other places
C. will join in mountain bike races                 D. are preparing for a marathon
74. The writer seems to advise the racers ________.
A. not to replace chain frequently                   B. not to take an extra chain
C. to bring less while racing                          D. to have higher tire pressure
75 The passage is organized in order of _______.
A. importance             B. time                      C. readers' interest       D. place
76. From the passage we can safely say that _______.
A. a foreign tire is a guarantee for the cyclist to win the race
B. the biggest trouble for the race is that nobody will help you
C. a downhill event causes more damage to the bike than an uphill one
D. regular inspection is a must before, during, and even after the race

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E
A United Nations report says the number of people in the world is expected to reach 6500 million this July. By the middle of the century, the population could reach more than 9000 million. That would be an increase of 40﹪.
These numbers are fresh estimates for a report on world population change from 1950 to 2050. Hania Zlotnik is director of the U.N. Population Division. She says the world has added nearly 500 million people in the last six years.
But, in her words, "the good news is that new estimates show that it will take a little longer" to add the next 500 million. Mizz Zlotnik says this will probably happen by 2013.
The U.N. report says most population growth by 2050 will take place in less developed countries. Their population is expected to increase from 5000 million today to almost 8000 million. The population of more developed nations is expected to stay about the same, at just over 1000 million.
The report says nine countries will be responsible for about half the world population increase by 2050. These include Bangladesh, China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia and India. The others are Nigeria, Pakistan, Uganda and the United States.
Twelve countries are expected to have populations at least three times the size now. These include Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Chad, Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and East Timor. The others are Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger and Uganda.
The report says birth rates remain low in forty-four developed countries.
Today, worldwide, there is an average of two-point-six children per woman. This number is expected to fall to just over two children per woman in  2050. But U.N. population experts note that they cannot be sure which way birth rates will go in the future.
The U.N. report also notes that AIDS has increased death rates and slowed population growth in sixty countries. The area most affected by the disease is Southern Africa.
There, how long people live has fallen from an average of sixty-two years in 1995 to forty-eight now. Researchers believe life expectancy will fall to forty-three years by 2015, then begin a slow recovery.
67. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The population growth will slow down in the next few years.
B. Most population growth will take place in developed countries.
C. There is an average of 2.6 children per woman in developed countries.
D. The area most affected by AIDS is Uganda.
68. Which one is the best title of this passage?
A. AIDS slowed population growth.
B. Most population growth will take place in less developed countries.
C. Population growth and death rate.
D. UN world population report.
69．The author believes that the population growth results from_______
A. The birth rate in developed countries is too high.
B. The birth rate in developing countries is too high.
C. AIDS hit only a few countries.
D. A decrease in death rate.
70. Which of the following best describe the author’s attitude towards the rapid population growth?
A. sympathetic     B. happy       C. optimistic     D. critical

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In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bikes to work every day. In New York, some bike riders have even formed a group called Bike for a Better City. They declare that if more people rode bikes to work, there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown part of the city and so less dirty air from car engines．
For several years, this group had been trying to get the city government to help bike riders． For example, they want the city to draw special lanes(車道) for bikes on some of the main streets, because when bike riders must use the same lanes as cars there are accidents. Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bikes．
But no bike lanes have been drawn. Not everyone thinks it is a good idea—they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the main streets don’t like the idea—they say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business．
The city government has not yet decided what to do． It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, Central Park—the largest place open ground in New York— is closed to cars, and the roads may be used by bikes only．
【小題1】In New York, a group of bike riders__________．

A．a(chǎn)re keeping practicing for health
B．have no cars of their own
C．a(chǎn)re complaining there are not enough buses
D．a(chǎn)re trying to settle the problem of air pollution
【小題2】The bike riders suggest that __________．
A．bikes should be used instead of cars
B．bike lanes should be drawn
C．fewer buses or cars should be used
D．the number of special lanes should be decreased
【小題3】The advantage of the special lanes is that__________．
A．they will make cars and buses run slowly
B．they will make it easier for bike riders to go to parks
C．they will make the city more beautiful
D．they will prevent accidents

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