13.Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic(流行病) of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century age.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5and 8hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat in their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5hours,when they really need 7.5,8or even more to feel ideally energetic."
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community increase,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5hours'sleep.If you've got to get 8.5hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep-deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."

36.What is the main topic of the passage?A
A.Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit.
B.The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C.The history of people's sleeping patterns.
D.The minimum of our sleeping hours.
37.Which of the following is Di David's opinion?D
A.People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't.
B.Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5hours'sleep a night.
C.If they get 8.5hours'sleep,people will be full of drive and ambition.
D.People's mental power suffers if they are lacking in sleep.
38.People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5hours a night becauseC.
A.they were forced by their parents to do so
B.they knew what was best for their health
C.they had no electricity
D.they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are
39.The major cause of sleep-deficit of modern people isB.
A.the endless TV programmes in the evenings and the Internet
B.the pressures of the day
C. the sufficient energy modern people usually have
D.loud noises in modern cities
40.What does the word"subjects"in the last paragraph mean?C
A.Persons or things being discussed or described.
B.Branched of knowledge studied in a school.
C.Persons or things being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.
D.Any member of a state apart from the supreme ruler.

分析 本文主要講了研究員對睡眠不足對人類的影響做試驗研究.自從電的發(fā)明之后,人們的睡眠就開始減少,睡眠不足會削弱短期記憶.

解答 36-40  ADCBC
36題答案是A.考查文章大意.根據(jù)To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit,可知文章大意是確定睡眠不足的后果.故選A.
37題答案是D.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.",可知如果睡眠不足,個人表現(xiàn)就會受影響,短期記憶被削弱.故選D.
38題答案是C.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)"The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark.",可知傍晚從農場回來,因為天黑無事可做,只能睡覺,可知是因為沒有電.故選C.
39題答案是B.細節(jié)考查題.根據(jù)Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researches say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community increase,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs,可知白天生活的復雜性剝奪了睡眠.工作壓力,朋友,家人,社交圈子都在增加,使得睡眠成為日程里最廉價的東西.故選B.
40題答案是C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,可知subjects是指以某種方式被做實驗的人或者物.故選C.

點評 本文報道了研究員對睡眠不足對人類的影響做試驗研究.題目涉及多道細節(jié)理解題,做題時需要結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析,結合選項選出正確答案;推理判斷題也是要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理地分析才能得出正確答案,切記胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據(jù).

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D.innovative approach
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A.Drinking tap water is the only choice for people.
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C.They are a risk to the environment.
D.They are cheap to make.
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B.more expensive than tap water
C.a(chǎn)lways safer than tap water           
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A.There are a lot of problems storing tap water.
B.Bottled water can be just tap water in a bottle.
C.It may be better for your teeth.
D.It may contain fluoride.

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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

3.Health experts have long known that vitamin D is important for healthy bones and teeth.It may also help to protect the body against diseases such as diabetes and cancer.And now,researchers say vitamin D might help fight brain diseases called dementia (癡呆).
Dementia is a brain disease that damages thinking and memory processes,which scientists call"cognitive (認知) abilities."Dementia is difficult to treat.Taking care of someone who has dementia is extremely demanding.And the disease is very frightening to sufferers.Chris Roberts suffers from dementia.He says the worst part of living with this disease was getting lost while driving."The worst thing that I found was getting lost in the car,not just forgetting where I was going-I wouldn't know where I was."More than 47million people around the world suffer from dementia.The World Health Organization reports that 60percent of them live in low-and middle-income countries.
We get vitamin D from some foods like nuts,lentils (扁豆) and fatty fish.We also get vitamin D from the sun.But that is not dependable.In some parts of the world,there is not enough sunlight to provide enough vitamin D.Also,sunblock prevents the vitamin from entering the body.To add to the problem,the skin's ability to process vitamin D weakens as a person ages.
Researchers at Rutgers University in New Jersey are exploring the relationship between vitamin D and dementia.The team recently measured vitamin D levels and cognitive ability in older people.Nutritional sciences professor Joshua Miller led the team.He said cognitive abilities differed among the study subjects.He said tests showed that about 60percent of the group was low in vitamin D.
32.Which of the following is true about vitamin D?B
A.Vitamin D can decrease people's risk of heart diseases.
B.Vitamin D helps the body fight against cancer.
C.Vitamin D is mainly obtained from the sun.
D.The need for Vitamin D decreases as people age.
33.What does the underlined word"demanding"mean in Paragraph 2?D
A.Boring but rewarding.
B.Disturbing and frightening.
C.Disgusting and stressful.
D.Hard and tiresome.
34.What does Paragraph 3mainly talk about?B
A.How vitamin D affects people's health.
B.Where people get vitamin D.
C.Whether sunlight can produce vitamin D.
D.Why people's age influences the production of vitamin D.
35.Where can we most probably read the passage?C
A.In a travel brochure.
B.In a literature magazine.
C.In a science journal.
D.In a commercial advertisement.

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