15．When an ant dies，other ants take it out of the nest，often within an hour after its death．This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure-and so soon-that another ant is dead．
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behaviour．Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist，a scientist who studies animals and plants．He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants，"I'm dead-take me away"when it is dead．
But there's a question to answer：As we know，if an ant is dead，it stops moving．But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious，it is also not moving．However，other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest．How do they know this ant is not dead？Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies，which tells nearby ants something like，"Wait-I'm not dead yet"when it is not dead．Choe suspects that when an ant dies，the chemical that says，"Wait I'm not dead yet"quickly goes away．When other ants detect the"dead"chemical without the"not dead yet"chemical，they move away the body．
To test his theory，Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants．When the scientists used the"I'm dead"chemical，other ants quickly moved the treated ant away．When the scientists used the"Wait-I'm not dead yet"chemical，other ants left the treated ant alone．Choe believes this behavior shows that the"not dead yet"chemical overrides the"dead"chemical when picked up by other ants．And that when an ant dies，the"not dead yet"chemical fades away．Other nearby ants then detect the remaining"dead"chemical and remove the body from the nest．
 Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems．
57．What is the function of the first paragraph？C
A．Leading the following paragraphs．
B．Showing the main idea of the passage．
C．Introducing the background of the passage．
D．Giving a summary of the passage．
58．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word"overrides"in the fourth paragraph？B
A．is weaker than        B．is stronger than    C．is better than    D．is worse than
59．What can we learn from the passage？B
A．Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving．
B．When an ant dies，it can tell others using a certain chemical．
C．A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical．
D．Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other．
60．Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right？C
A．Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places．
B．Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals，especially in ants．
C．Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory．
D．Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own．

分析 本文講述了生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)螞蟻身體外部有一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)能向其它螞蟻發(fā)送信號(hào)，告訴它們自己已經(jīng)死了．

解答 57．C  推斷題  第一段介紹了螞蟻能夠識(shí)別死去的同類的背景，接著文章介紹了科學(xué)家對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的推理和實(shí)驗(yàn)，所以第一段的作用是背景介紹．文章后面并非圍繞第一段展開(kāi)的，因此第一段的作用不是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．文章的主要觀點(diǎn)在第二段被提出，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．第一段中沒(méi)有總結(jié)性的語(yǔ)句，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．故正確答案為C．
58．B 詞義猜測(cè)題 由上文可知，當(dāng)科學(xué)家在螞蟻身上使用代表"等等，我還沒(méi)死"的化學(xué)物質(zhì)時(shí)，其它螞蟻沒(méi)有把它搬走，這表示其它螞蟻認(rèn)為這些螞蟻還沒(méi)死．所以，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的效果比代表"死了"的化學(xué)物質(zhì)效果強(qiáng)時(shí)，螞蟻就認(rèn)為同類沒(méi)有死．override 意義大致與"在數(shù)量或程度上超過(guò)，強(qiáng)于"接近．故正確答案為B．
59．B 推斷題  根據(jù)第二段第三句 …ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants，"I'm dead-take me away"when it is dead．可知B項(xiàng)正確；A項(xiàng)，根據(jù)第三段第三句 However，other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest．可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)，文中提到科學(xué)家為了試驗(yàn)，將特定的化學(xué)物質(zhì)用到 the treated ant 身上，沒(méi)有提及螞蟻?zhàn)约簳?huì)假裝死亡，所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)，文中沒(méi)有提及．
故正確答案為B．
60．C 細(xì)節(jié)題  Choe 先提出自己的假設(shè)，然后通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證他的假設(shè)，所以C項(xiàng)正確．A項(xiàng)，Choe 做實(shí)驗(yàn)并非為了 stop ants from invading new places，雖然文章最后一段提到了"Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems．"但是這是實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義而非目的，屬于偷換概念，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．B項(xiàng)，由第二段第二句"Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist，a scientist who studies animals and plants．"可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．D項(xiàng)，由第四段第一句中的"Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants．"可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．故正確答案為C．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

4．Stop wasting you time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings．Instead，realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born．Only you have the power to make those seeds grow．
The seeds，and the power to grow them，are contained in the human mind．Success is a choice and not a chance．You can be a success only if you make the right choice．
You cannot be successful without first developing you self-esteem（自尊）．Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself，and thus over you life．People with low self-esteem do not believe that they have any power，or responsibility for their lives．They are leaves tossed（搖擺）by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather．
You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for whatever happens in your life．Failures think that everything happens by accident while successful people realize that they are responsible．
Everything happens as a result of something．If we can identify the cause，we can control the effect．We are responsible for what we consciously choose to accept and believe．
Thoughts and beliefs cause everything．Our attitudes and actions are a result of habits existing in us over a period of time．One generally rises to the level that one expects．We are responsible for setting our expectations．Our success depends upon our level of confidence．We are responsible for either forming good habits or kicking bad habits．
If you associate with positive-thinking people，you are definitely going to achieve success．On the contrary，the opposite happens．We are responsible for finding，planting，and nurturing（培育）the seeds that contain future victory，born from setbacks．
In short，in all areas of your life，whether they are financial，physical，emotional，or spiritual，you are responsible．Once you recognize this，accept it，and firmly believe it，you are on the road to success．

59．People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because theyD．
A．a(chǎn)re ready to change their minds
B．a(chǎn)re easily affected by windy weather
C．don't have the power to face their fate
D．can't exercise control over themselves
60．It can be inferred from Paragraph 5thatA
A．whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes
B．developing confidence is the key to future success
C．thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind
D．setting our expectations is essential before taking action
61．The last paragraph serves asB．
A．the proof of the author's points
B．the conclusion of the argument
C．a(chǎn)n introduction to another topic
D．a(chǎn) comparison between two views
62．Which is the best title for the text？A
A．Success is a choice
B．The secrets of success
C．Develop our confidence
D．How to achieve success．

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5．Shescanned（瀏覽，掃描）the computer screen carefully hoping to find some new emails in her mailbox．

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