Question

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (學術界) are more important than any financial considerations.

　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia in the middle of her career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.

　　The effect of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制藥的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral(博士后的) researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.

　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (轉換) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to their teaching that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

1.By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ______.

A．university researchers know little about the commercial world

B．there is little exchange between industry and academia

C．few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

D．few university professors are willing to do industrial research

2.The underlined word “deterrent” (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ______.

A．keeps someone from taking action

B．encourages someone to succeed

C．a(chǎn)ttracts people’s attention

D．brings someone a financial burden

3.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A．Flexible working hours.	B．Her research interests.
C．Peaceful life on campus.	D．Her fame in academia.

4.What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

A．Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.

B．Develop its students’ potential in research.

C．Help to get financial support from industry.

D．Get more students interested in the field of industry.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.A

【解析】

試題分析：

1.推理題：文章首句提到“這在很大程度上是一條單行道”，接下來談到“同時，大學研究人員去工商業(yè)界碰運氣很普遍，但是向反方向走的卻很少�！边@里的“反方向”指的就是“工商業(yè)界去大學工作”，由此可知，作者是想用“單行道”來描述“很少有實業(yè)科學家去大學工作”這一現(xiàn)象，故答案為C。

2.猜詞題：要根據(jù)上下文來判斷。上文說的是很少有商界的人愿意回高校的。原因就在于薪酬（pay), 后面接著具體解釋：沒人能接受換個高校的工作后工資下降。所以deterrent這個詞是表明原因的，要么是A選項阻礙因素，要么是C選項促進因素。而從上下文看薪酬是阻礙商界人士去高校工作的，也就是阻礙因素，所以選A。

3.該句提到，Helen Lee在事業(yè)發(fā)展的中期返回學術界的主要原因(Her main reason for..)是想利用那里更大的自由選擇研究專題權利，由此可知她是為了她的“研究興趣”才更換工作的。B選項中Her research interests.對應原文中的“freedom to choose research questions.”所以，答案為B。

4.細節(jié)題：問當工業(yè)科學家去高校教書時能做什么樣的貢獻。答案在最后一段：They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate。他們給學術角色的教書方面帶來了一些額外的東西，這些東西在學生畢業(yè)時可以幫助他們找工作。所以選A：提高畢業(yè)生在就業(yè)市場上的競爭力。

考點:考查教育類短文

點評;文章介紹了一種社會現(xiàn)象，很多學術界的科學家到商業(yè)領域掙錢，但很少工商業(yè)界去大學工作，提到Helen Lee在事業(yè)發(fā)展的中期返回學術界的主要原因，作者提倡這么做，因為這對學生是很有利的。題目要推理的較多，考生一定不能被文章的表面迷惑。