Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggested.
Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives, mostly by reducing preventable deaths from heart and lung diseases, according to studies released Wednesday and published in a special issue of The Lancet, a British medical journal.
  "Relying on fossil fuels leads to unhealthy lifestyles, increasing our chances of getting sick and in some cases takes years from our lives," US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a telecast briefing from her home state of Kansas. "As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular(心血管) and respiratory(呼吸道) diseases. This is not a small effect."
  Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem, said Linda Birnbaum, director of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
  Some possible benefits seemed highly speculative, the researchers conceded, based on people driving less and walking and cycling more. Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung(糞便), charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.
  And cutting carbon dioxide emissions also makes the air cleaner, reducing lung damage for millions of people, doctors said.
  "Here are ways you can attack major health problems at the same time as dealing with climate change," said lead author Dr. Paul Wilkinson, an environmental epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
  Wilkinson said the individual studies came up with numbers of premature deaths prevented or extra years of life added for certain places.
  For example, switching to low-polluting cars in London and Delhi, India, would save 160 lost years of life in London and nearly 1,700 in Delhi for every million residents, one study found. But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar to more than 7,300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.
小題1:What does the passage mainly talk about? _______.
A.How can people live longer?
B.Cutting carbon dioxide emissions saves lives.
C.Global warming threatens people’s lives.
D.People should stop relying on fossil fuels.
小題2:The new research differs from past studies in that _______.
A.it focuses on the immediate benefits of cutting carbon dioxide emissions
B.it studies the bad effects arising from future global warming
C.it is believed by more people
D.it mainly targets at developing countries
小題3:According to Kathleen Sebelius, _______.
A.sometimes it takes years to see the bad effects caused by consuming fossil fuels
B.without greenhouse gas emissions, people would not die of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
C.the main reason why people get sick is that they rely on fossil fuels
D.deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are closely related to greenhouse gas emissions
小題4: Which of the following is the most practical way to cut carbon dioxide emissions according to the passage? _________.
A.Driving less
B.Walking and cycling as much as possible.
C.Stopping using fossil fuels
D.Reducing the use of polluting fuels to cook.
小題5:It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A.London and Delhi have already benefited from reducing greenhouse gas emissions
B.switching to low-polluting cars would save 160 lives in London each year
C.walking and biking instead of driving will reduce the chance of heart disease
D.a(chǎn)ttacking health problems and dealing with climate change are contradictory

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:D
小題5:C

試題分析:這篇文章主要介紹減少二氧化碳的排放既可以保護我們的環(huán)境,還可以減少心血管和呼吸方面的疾病,從而可以拯救人的生命。
小題1:主旨題:從文章第一段的句子:Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggested.和第二段的第一句話Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives,可知減少二氧化碳的排放可以拯救人的生命。選B
小題2:細節(jié)題:從第四段的句子:Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem, 可知這次的調(diào)查和以往的不同,因為它研究的是減少二氧化碳的排放帶來的立刻的好處,選A
小題3:推理題:從第三段的句子:"As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular(心血管) and respiratory(呼吸道) diseases. This is not a small effect."可知Kathleen Sebelius,認為心血管和呼吸道的疾病和二氧化碳的排放密切相關(guān),選D
小題4:細節(jié)題:從第五段的句子:Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung(糞便), charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.可知減少使用有污染的燃料燒飯是更具體實用的,選D
小題5:細節(jié)題:從最后一段的句子:But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar to more than 7,300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.
可知多騎車和步行會減少心臟病的發(fā)病率,選C
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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries. In African countries, the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years ago. Around the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2013.
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The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious(感染性的) diseases.
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小題1:What is the main idea of Paragraph l?
A.Children in developing countries generally weigh too much.
B.Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly.
C.The number of overweight children in the world has doubled.
D.The World Health Organization has increased greatly.
小題2:According to Branca , people are becoming overweight because of their changes in _______
A.lifestylesB.transportation
C.physical conditionD.school educational .
小題3:Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A.cureB.preventC.worsenD.cause
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A.Poor nutrition is often related to children obesity.
B.To lower infectious disease rates is more complex than to lower obesity rates.
C.Eating less sugar and more vegetables helps lower obesity rates.
D.Increasing physical activity is most effective to lower obesity rates.
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A.Babies breastfed aren't likely to become overweight.
B.Governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity.
C.Food producers should be stopped from marketing, food to children.
D.The number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries.

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解



Are you still troubled by a disease called overactive bladder(膀胱)? Why not try TOVIAZ, a medicine used to treat adults 18 years older facing such a condition?
You are strongly advised not to take TOVIZ if you have following symptoms:
Your stomach empties slowly.
You are suffering from eye problems.
You’re allergic to any ingredients of TOVIAZ.
Remember the possible side effects of TOVIAZ
Dry mouth.
Constipation(便秘)
Dry eyes.
Trouble empting the bladder
Remember to ask your doctor for a complete list, since these aren’t all possible side effects of TOVIAZ.
More Detailed Instructions to take TOVIAZ:
Your doctor may give you the lower 4mg dose of TOVIAZ if you have severe kidney problem.
Take TOVIAZ with liquid and swallow the tablet whole. Do not chew, divide or crush the tablet.
You can take either TOVIAZ with or without food.
If you miss a dose of TOVIAZ, start taking it again the next day.
Decreased sweating and severe heat illness can occur when TOVIAZ is used in hot environments.
Drinking alcohol while taking TOVIAZ may cause increased sleepiness.
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A.To present a discovery on a scientific research.
B.To give information about a kind of medicine.
C.To teach patients ways of recovery from illness.
D.To show the importance of taking proper medicine.
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B.stomach problem
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“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days!”
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D.The promoters usually just care about profits.
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A.if it is a drug
B.if it is a device
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A.a(chǎn) product which was designed to produce electricity
B.a(chǎn) product whose distributor was involved in a legal case
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She’s not afraid of anything. Snakes? No problem. Walking alone in the dark? Easy. We’re not talking about a superhero here -- SM is a 44-year-old mother.  And she’s fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain: the amygdala(扁桃腺).
Shaped like a pair of almonds sitting in the middle of your brain, the amygdala helps control fear and anxiety. A rare condition called Urbach-Wiethe disease left SM without her amygdala, and seems to have completely erased her sense of fear.
To try to understand how the amygdala works, a team of researchers made their efforts to scare SM. They showed her horror movies and took her to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium Haunted House in Kentucky. She pushed out one of the monsters(巨物) and laughed. SM said she didn’t like snakes, but at a pet store full of poisonous creatures, she kept asking to touch them. When asked to rate her feelings, SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.
“She tends to approach everything she should be avoiding,” says Justin Feinstein of the  University of Iowa. This means the amygdala could control deeper urges to approach or avoid danger. Other scientists have a different opinion, though.  “I don’t believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study,” Elizabeth Phelps said. In 2002, Phelps published a study on a similar patient with amygdala damage who still showed fear.
It may sound like fun to be totally fearless, but we get scared for a good reason. “The nature of fear is survival and the amygdala helps us stay alive by avoiding situations, people, or objects that put our life in danger,” Feinstein said. SM was once followed in a park after dark by a man with a knife, and she simply walked away. “It is quite remarkable that she is still alive,” said Feinstein.
小題1:SM dares to walk alone in the dark mainly because ____________.
A.she is a superhero
B.she has experienced such conditions a lot
C.she is a mental patient
D.she has no sense of fear
小題2:Researchers tried their best to frighten SM in order to find ___________.
A.The function of a particular organ
B.SM’s reaction of fear and anxiety
C.The process of removing amygdale
D.A special way to get along with monsters
小題3:What do we know from the research on SM?
A.It was easy for her to avoid danger.
B.SM never felt fearful but disgusted.
C.SM was frightened by nothing except monsters.
D.SM got along well with the snakes.
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A.IndifferentB.SupportiveC.DisapprovingD.Interested
小題5:What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.People can remove their amygdala to be fearless.
B.SM will be admired because of her bravery.
C.No one can survive if their amygdala is removed.
D.The sense of fear is crucial to humans.

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Dieters' who eat meals high in protein might lose a bit more weight than those who get less protein and more carbohydrates (碳水化合物)一all other things being equal, a new analysis of past studies suggests. Researchers found that over an average of 12 weeks, people having a high一protein diet lost about 1.8 extra pounds, and more body fat, than those having a standard-protein diet.
Wycherley from the University of South" Australia in Adelaide, the lead author on the study says it’s possible that the body may spend more energy and bum more calories while dealing with protein, compared to carbohydrates. Another explanation for the link his team observed is that eating protein helps preserve muscle mass and muscle mass bums more calories, even when the body is resting, than other types of mass. He says people in the studies tend to get protein from a variety of animal and vegetable sources. Vegetable sources of protein include beans.
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C.Vegetables contain more protein than animals.
D.No more calories are burned while the body is resting.
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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

The Healthy Habits Survey(調(diào)查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
·Finding:A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step:Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
·Finding:Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend.
·Step:We touch our faces around 3, 000 times a day-often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
·Finding:Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step:Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海綿)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
小題1:What is found out American seniors?
A.Most of then have good habits.
B.Nearly 30%of then bathe three days a week.
C.All of then are fighting germs better than expected.
D.About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day
小題2:Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands          .
A.twice a dayB.three times a day
C.four times a dayD.eight times a day
小題3:Which of the following is true according to the text ?
A.We should keep from touching our faces.
B.There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.
C.A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.
D.We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.
小題4:The text probably comes from            .
A.a(chǎn) guide bookB.a(chǎn) popular magazine
C.a(chǎn) book reviewD.a(chǎn)n official document

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Short people, studies have shown , are more likely to have a stroke , suffer from high blood pressures and heart disease and be bullied in school .
Now, researchers report that short people—at least in the past—were also more likely to die at a younger age than their taller peers.
Their study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology (流行病學(xué)) and Community Health , found that short bones have something to do with short life for more than 1,000 years. The conclusion was based on 490 sets of adult skeletal(骨架) remains from an archaeological(考古學(xué)的) site in northeastern England , YC dating from the 9th century to about 1850 .
About 55% of men and 73% of women died before the age of 45, and 39% of men and 56% of women died before age 30. The risk of death before age 30 declined as bone length increased.
“This study provides evidence from an archaeological sample that long bone length is connected with age at death—those with smaller bones tend to die younger,” according to Dr. D.J. Gunnell of the university of Bristol  in the UK and colleagues .
While it is not clear why short stature(身材) might be linked to earlier death , the researchers point out that height is an indicator of childhood nutrition, which may have long-lasting effect on health .
“Mechanism (身體結(jié)構(gòu)) for height-mortality(死亡) associations in the past may differ from those today , for example , short stature may have increased the risk of death in childbirth and this may explain the higher risk of premature(未成熟的) mortality in women,” Gunnell and colleagues write .
“However, short bones, it would appear, have always been a marker of a short life,” the authors conclude.
小題1:The title of the passage should be        .
A.Short people and their taller peers
B.Men and women
C.Short stature and short life
D.Long life and short life
小題2:“An indicator” in Paragraph 6 means        .
A.a(chǎn) studyB.a(chǎn) markerC.a(chǎn) riskD.a(chǎn)n age
小題3:Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?
A.People with smaller bones were more likely to die younger.
B.Women were more likely to die at a young age.
C.Short-stature women bear higher risk of death in giving birth to babies.
D.Most people were more likely to die at the age of 30 in the past.
小題4:Short stature may be caused by        .
A.less childhood nutritionB.heart disease
C.some illnessesD.high blood pressure
小題5:The topic in this passage is probably connected with
A.space medicineB.sports medicine
C.social medicineD.industrial medicine

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