【題目】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Researchers Are Racing to Make a Coronavirus Vaccine. Will It Help?

In the early days of January, as cases of a strange, pneumonia-like illness 【1】 (report) in China, researchers at the National Institutes of Health readied themselves to hunt 【2】 a vaccine to prevent the new disease.

Scientists in Australia are also working on vaccine candidates 【3】 (stop) the spread of the disease. Historically, vaccines have been one of the greatest public health 【4】(tool) to prevent disease. But even as new technology, advancements in genomics(基因組學(xué)) and improved global coordination have allowed researchers to move at unprecedented speed, vaccine 【5】(develop) remains an expensive and risky process. That’s 【6】 the vaccines must undergo extensive testing in animals and humans. In the best case, it takes at least a year — and most likely 【7】(long) — for any vaccine to become available to the public.

With each new outbreak, scientists 【8】 (typical) have to start from scratch. After the SARS outbreak in 2003, 【9】 took researchers about 20 months from the release of the viral genome(基因組) to get a vaccine ready for human trials. By the time an epidemic 【10】 (cause) by the Zika virus occurred in 2015, researchers brought the timeline down to six months. Now, they hope the joint efforts will cut that time in half.

【答案】

【1】were reported

【2】for

【3】to stop

【4】tools

【5】development

【6】because

【7】longer

【8】typically

【9】it

【10】caused

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章敘述的是研究人員對(duì)冠狀病毒疫苗的研究。

【1】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：今年1月初，隨著中國(guó)出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似肺炎的奇怪病例，美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院(National Institutes of Health)的研究人員準(zhǔn)備尋找預(yù)防這種新疾病的疫苗。此處as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)cases是復(fù)數(shù)形式，和report之間是一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)In the early days of January可知，這里用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填were reported。

【2】考查固定詞組。句意：今年1月初，隨著中國(guó)出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似肺炎的奇怪病例，美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院(National Institutes of Health)的研究人員準(zhǔn)備尋找預(yù)防這種新疾病的疫苗。固定詞組：hunt for“尋求”。故填for。

【3】考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：澳大利亞的科學(xué)家也在研究候選疫苗，以阻止疾病的傳播。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to stop。

【4】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：從歷史上看，疫苗一直是預(yù)防疾病的最偉大的公共衛(wèi)生工具之一。根據(jù)one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所以此處tool用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填tools。

【5】考查名詞。句意：但是，盡管新技術(shù)、基因組學(xué)的進(jìn)步和全球協(xié)作的改善使研究人員得以以前所未有的速度前進(jìn)，疫苗開(kāi)發(fā)仍然是一個(gè)昂貴和危險(xiǎn)的過(guò)程。此處vaccine是形容詞，意思是“疫苗的”，修飾名詞，且句子缺少主語(yǔ)，所給詞develop是動(dòng)詞，其名詞形式是development。故填development。

【6】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：這是因?yàn)橐呙绫仨氃趧?dòng)物和人類(lèi)身上進(jìn)行廣泛的測(cè)試。此處是be動(dòng)詞后面用because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填because。

【7】考查比較級(jí)。句意：在最好的情況下，任何疫苗都需要至少一年的時(shí)間——很可能更長(zhǎng)——才能向公眾提供。此處表示很可能“更長(zhǎng)”，所以用形容詞比較級(jí)，故填longer。

【8】考查副詞。句意：每次爆發(fā)疫情，科學(xué)家通常都要從頭開(kāi)始。此處是副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所給詞typical是形容詞，意思是“典型的，特有的”，其副詞是typically。故填typically。

【9】考查it用法。句意：在2003年非典爆發(fā)后，研究人員花了大約20個(gè)月的時(shí)間才從病毒基因組的釋放中獲得了用于人體試驗(yàn)的疫苗。固定句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。”此處是it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)。故填it。

【10】考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。句意：到2015年寨卡病毒爆發(fā)時(shí)，研究人員將時(shí)間縮短到了6個(gè)月。此處epidemic和cause之間是一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填caused。

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