20.Before birth,babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教),birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Adrances,some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化).New-born chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of enering the world.
This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer,a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia,and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs,When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers-a sound that served as their regular"feed me!"call.
To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds,the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren,another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queenslang before and after hatching,Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks,ranking them by similarity.
It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms.And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs,the more similar were the babies'begging calls.In addition,the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.
This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn."As a parent,do you invest in quality children,or do you invest in children that are in need?"Kleindorfer asks."Our results suggest that they might be going for quality."

58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means"B".
A.be the worst                 B.be the best
C.be the as bad                 D.be just as good
59.What are Kleindorfer's findings based on?A
A.Similarities between the calls moms and chicks.
B.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.
C.The data collected from Queensland's locals.
D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
60.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds whichC.
A.can receive quality signals
B.a(chǎn)re in need of training
C.fit the environment better
D.make the loudest call.

分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀,文章主要介紹鳥類在胎教方面可以稱第一,有些鳥媽媽會教它們的孩子叫,甚至在它們孵化的過程中.有效地胚胎學習可以向鳥媽媽告知它們孩子的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)得到加強.

解答 58.B 詞義辨析題.根據(jù)第二段As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Adrances,some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化).New-born chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of enering the world.可知海雀近日報道:有些鳥媽媽會教它們的孩子叫,甚至在它們孵化的過程中.新出生的小雞就可以模仿它們的媽媽叫聲.由此可知,But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教),birds could rule the roost.的意思是:說到胎教,鳥類可以稱第一.即"rule the roost"的意思是:最好的.故選B.
59.A 理解判斷題.根據(jù)第二段""可知,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)是對澳大利亞兩種會鳥鳴的鳥兒進行了記錄,根據(jù)第三段"the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren,another species of Australian songbird."可知,研究人員并未在全澳洲范圍展開調(diào)查;未對其它鳥類進行記錄研究,排除BD項.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段"A computer analysis blindlycompared calls produced by mothers and chicks,ranking them by similarity."可知,故選A.
60.C 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"the baby birds that mostclosely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food"和最后一段"Our results suggest that they might be going for quality."可知,模仿母鳥模仿得最好的雛鳥得到最多的食物,研究結果表明,母親會選擇質(zhì)量好的雛鳥、孩子,即能比較好地適應環(huán)境的孩子.故選C.

點評 本文考察學生的理解推斷能力以及細心程度,只要抓住文章的關鍵詞,采用尋讀的方法查找細節(jié),就能找到正確答案.

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