Life in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they’re eating it,or unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through?It’s trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射)light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light,at least not very much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water.You don’t see it—you see the things behind it.
To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素)that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments,so its tissues won’t absorb light.According to Johnsen,avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials—skin,fat,and more—and light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed,it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light,it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果凍狀的)material and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how they’re doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear for these larger animals,staying transparent is an active process.When they die,they turn a non-transparent milky white.
1.According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals .
A. stay in groups
B. can be easily damaged
C. appear only in deep ocean
D. are beautiful creatures
2.The underlined word“dead”in Paragraph 3 means .
A. silently
B. gradually
C. regularly
D. completely
【小題3One way for an animal to become transparent is to .
A. change the direction of light travel
B. gather materials to scatter light
C. avoid the absorption of light
D. grow bigger to stop light
3.The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
A. move more slowly in deep water
B. stay see-through even after death
C. produce more tissues for their survival
D. take effective action to reduce light spreading
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— I’m sorry to tell you that you made a mistake in your test.
— How can that be? I did it _______ in class.
A.a(chǎn)s toldB.a(chǎn)s am told
C.a(chǎn)s tellingD.a(chǎn)s I told
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信息匹配(共1小題)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Moving abroad can be a challenging experience.You leave your family, friends and everything you know behind.You enter a new culture where the customs and sometimes the languages are different. 1. .It’s a time to discover new things, make new friends and begin a new adventure.
So what are the best ways to involve yourself in the new culture while living abroad?
Live with a native speaker
__2. .First, you have a friend! Living alone can be a lonely experience, especially if you’re far from home.I’ve also had the opportunity to meet my housemate’s friends and socialize(交往) with them.3. .In addition, you have someone to tell you about the cultural customs and interesting places in the area.
Socialise with the local people
The thought of making friends and mixing with the local people may seem scary at first but it’s worth it. 4. , attending an evening class or participating in a language exchange with people that are interested in learning your native language.
5. .
The food in France is amazing and discovering new food is a fun experience.I’ve tried things that I’ve never tried before and my knowledge of the different bread and cheese types has grown greatly.
A.Try the local food.
B.But it’s also exciting.
C.I currently volunteer with homeless people
D.You can also speak the local language every day.
E.Improve my French vocabulary and understanding.
F.You can meet other people in the area by joining a club
G.There are many advantages to living with a native speaker
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-So you gave Mary your dictionary?
-______.She said she'd return it to me when she could afford her own.
A. Not exactly B. My pleasure
C. No doubt D. Good idea
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—Hurry up!There’s a bus coming!
—Why run?There will be_____one in two or three minutes.
A. another B. other
C. the other D. any other
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When Armida Armato’s daughter, Alexia, came home from school one day last year keen to go on a school trip to Ecuador, she wasn’t too sure how to feel. She was happy that her daughter could experience something she never did as a teen but was fearful of letting her travel to such a remote part of the world.
Alexia was 16 at the time, a student at Westwood High School. The school sponsored a humanitarian trip for 26 students and two teachers to spend 18 days living in a mountain village to build a one-room school. Even though Armato trusted her daughter, the other students and the teachers, she was worried about the side effects from the travel vaccines, possible accidents, and medical care.
Now that Alexia was home, Armato said she saw her daughter’s new maturity, greater confidence and independence. “This is the best thing I ever did,” Alexia said. “The experience was so eye-opening and life-changing. You’re with people who are not as lucky as you are. They live in very poor conditions but they’re so happy and outgoing. You say, ‘My God. I’m taking everything for granted back home.’”
She said they built a one-room school from scratch with no mechanical cement mixers. They used their hands, shovels and basic tools. She and another student lived with a local family in a small village about eight hours outside the capital, Quito. Despite the initial strangeness and knowing only basic Spanish, she said they grew very close and felt like a family.
Every year, groups of students at Montreal High School like Alexia pack their bags and fly off with classmates and teachers to developing countries where they volunteer for a variety of projects.
“Armato’s worries are very common among parents,” says Bill Nevin, a teacher at St. George’s High School. He organizes a humanitarian rip to India to the Sheela Bal Bhavan orphanage and says the three biggest fears families have are health, security and contact.
1.When hearing the news that her daughter would go on a school trip to Ecuador, Armato was _______.
A. proud and happy
B. supportive but concerned
C. fearful and nervous
D. excited but puzzled
2.The underlined phrase “from scratch” in Paragraph 4 probably means “______”.
A. having great help
B. using high technology
C. ending up in failure
D. starting from the beginning
3.What would be the best title for the text?
A. Volunteering helps students grow and develop.
B. School trips make parents worried about their children.
C. Ecuador is the most attractive travel destination in the world.
D. Brave Alexia dreams to work in Ecuador one day.
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I had the meanest mother in the whole world.While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have cereal, eggs or toast.While others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich.As you can guess, my supper was different from the other kids’ too.But at least, I wasn’t alone in my sufferings.My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.
My mother insisted upon knowing where we were at all times.She had to know who our friends were and where we were going.She insisted if we said we’d be gone an hour, then we should be gone one hour or less -- not one hour and one minute.And she always insisted upon us telling the truth.Now you can see how mean she was.
The worst is yet to come.We had to be in bed by nine each night and up at eight the next morning.We couldn’t sleep till noon like our friends.So while they slept - my mother actually had the courage to break the Child Labor Law.She made us work.We had to wash dishes, make beds, and learn to cook.We had to wear clean clothes and take a bath every day.The other kids always wore their clothes for days.We reached the height of disgrace because she made our clothes herself, just to save money.I believe she laid awake at night thinking up mean things to do to us.
Through the years, things didn’t improve a bit.We could not lie in bed “sick” like our friends did, and miss school.Our marks in school had to live up to expectations.Our friends’ report cards had beautiful colors on them, black for passing, red for failing.My mother, being as different as she was, would be satisfied with nothing less than ugly black marks.
As the years rolled by, first one and then the other of us was put to shame.We graduated from high school.With our mother behind us, talking, hitting and demanding respect, none of us was allowed the pleasure of being a drop-out.
My mother was a complete failure as a mother.Out of four children, a couple of us attained some higher education.None of us have ever been arrested or divorced.Each of my brothers served his time in the service of this country.She forced us to grow up into God-fearing, educated, honest adults.I am now trying to raise my three children.I am filled with pride when my children call me mean.Why? Because now I thank God every day for giving me the meanest mother in the whole world.
1.The author’s mother wanted her children to _________.
A.do their best at school and be educated and respected citizens
B.be top students in school and graduate with honors
C.stop seeing her friends who pretended to be sick to skip classes
D.bring home colored report cards like her friends did
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A.The author has a deep hatred for her mother.
B.The author’s mother set timetables for her children whenever they went out.
C.Some of the children weren’t able to go to college because of their mean mother.
D.As a parent, the author is following her mother’s example.
3.It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A.All the other kids at school studied better than the author.
B.The author worked hard and usually got good grades in studies.
C.Mother was punished for breaking the Labor Law.
D.The author’s family lived a miserable life.
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閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
In my first week as a graduate student at Cambridge University in 1964 I met with a fellow student, two years ahead of me in his studies; he was unsteady on his feet and spoke with great difficulty.This was Stephen Hawking.I learned that he had a bad disease and might not live long enough even to finish his PhD degree.
But, amazingly, he has reached the age of 73.Even mere survival would have been a medical miracle, but of course, he didn’t merely survive.He has become arguably the most famous scientist in the world for his brilliant research, for his bestselling books, and, above all, for his astonishing victory over hardship.
Stephen received his “death sentence” in 1964, when I thought it was hard for him to go on with his study.Stephen went from Albans School to Oxford University.He was said to be a “l(fā)azy” undergraduate, but his brilliance earned him a first class degree, an “entry ticket” to a research career in Cambridge and a uniquely inspiring achievement.Within a few years of the burst of his disease he was wheelchair bound, and his speech was so unclear that it could only be understood by those who knew him well.But his scientific career went from strength to strength: he quickly came up with a series of insights into the nature of black holes (then a very new idea) and how the universe began.In 1974 he was elected to the Royal Society at the exceptionally early age of 32.
The great advances in science generally involve discovering a link between phenomena that were previously conceptually unconnected — for instance, Isaac Newton realized that the force making an apple fall to earth was the same as the force that holds the moon and planets in their orbits.Stephen’s revolutionary idea about a link between gravity and quantum(量子) theory has still not been tested. However, it has been hugely influential; indeed, one of the main achievements of string theory(弦理論) has been to confirm and build on his idea. He has undoubtedly done more than anyone else since Einstein to improve our knowledge of gravity and he is one of the top ten living theoretical physicists.
1.What impressed the author most about Stephen Hawking?
A. His brilliant research.
B. His bestselling books.
C. His serious disease.
D. His defeating hardship.
2.What made Stephen Hawking start his research career at Cambridge?
A. His death sentence.
B. His “l(fā)azy” attitude.
C. His above average talent and ability.
D. His rich experience.
3.It can be inferred that Stephen Hawking was born ________.
A. in the early 1940s
B. in the late 1940s
C. in the early 1930s
D. in the late 1930s
4.What can we learn from the text?
A. Hawking’s theory was proved years ago.
B. Hawking was not as successful as Newton.
C. String theory built on Hawking’s ideA.
D. Hawking’s theory has had little influence on others.
5.Which of the following is Not True according the passage?
A. He achieved one success after another in his career despite his disease.
B. He couldn’t walk when the author first met him at Cambridge.
C. He not only survived his disease but contributed greatly to science.
D. He is among the greatest scientists to improve the knowledge of gravity.
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科目:高中英語 來源:2016屆遼寧沈陽第二中學(xué)高三10月月考英語試卷(解析版) 題型:書面表達(dá)
書面表達(dá)
假定你是我校高三學(xué)生李華,學(xué)校將為高一新生舉辦主題為 “What to learn in senior high school?” 的英語沙龍活動(dòng),特邀請(qǐng)你結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷談?wù)勛约旱捏w會(huì)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)一下提綱準(zhǔn)備一份英語發(fā)言稿。
1. 學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí):方法、習(xí)慣等;
2. 學(xué)會(huì)做人:真誠、友善等;
3. 學(xué)會(huì)其他:考生自擬。
注意:1. 詞數(shù)120左右;
2. 發(fā)言稿開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Good morning everyone! It is my honor to be here ____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
That’s all.
Thank you!
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