Question

      Dogs are prone to complex emotions such as jealousy and pride, according to scientific research that sheds new light on their relationship with humans.

   Dogs do not like seeing their owners offering affection to other creatures, especially other dogs, and react negatively when their owners bring home new partners, the research found.

  Psychologists previously believed most animals lack the “sense of self” needed to experience so－called secondary emotions such as jealousy, embarrassment or guilt. These emotions are more complex than feelings associated with instant reaction such as anger, lust or joy.

     Dr Friederike Range, of the UniversityofVienna’s neurobiology department, has shown that dogs feel intensely jealous when they spot that they are unfairly treated compared with other dogs.

     The dog study is the latest into several species, including cows, horses, cats and sheep, which have shown that animals are far more self－aware than we thought.

     Dr Paul Morris, a psychologist at theUniversityofPortsmouthwho studies animal emotions, told The Sunday Times, “We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more emotionally complex than we ever realised. They can suffer simple forms of many emotions we once thought only primates (靈長類) could experience. ”

     In research among dog owners, Dr Morris found almost all of them reported jealous behaviour by their pets. The dog often tried to keep their owner away from a new lover in the early days of a relationship.

     Behavioural experts recommend owners keeping their dogs’ routine as much as possible when a new partner or child comes along in order to prevent jealous activities from the dog such as interruptions with barking.

 

67. It was thought that in the past most animals ________.

    A. are self－aware                                   B. are not self－aware

    C. are intelligent                                       D. are color－blind

68. Dogs are likely to feel ________ when they saw their owners bring home a new pet cat.

    A. depressed          B. impressed         C. delighted           D. excited

69. We can infer that __________.

   A. dogs are of social animals

   B. dogs can be trained as a guide

   C. dogs have a sharp sense of smell

   D. primates are generally more emotional than dogs in the eyes of most people

70．Which of the following is the best title?

   A. Dogs, the favorite pets                    B. Dogs can be jealous

   C. Dogs can be angry                          D. A discovery about animal behaviour

Answer 1

根據(jù)科學(xué)研究，狗容易產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的情緒，例如嫉妒和驕傲，這就揭示了它們與人類的關(guān)系。

【全文翻譯】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，狗不喜歡看到主人向其他動物，特別是其他狗提供愛，當(dāng)主人帶回家新伴侶時，它們會產(chǎn)生消極的反應(yīng)。

此前心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為大多數(shù)動物缺乏自我”需要經(jīng)驗，－稱繼發(fā)性情緒如嫉妒感”、尷尬和內(nèi)疚。這些情緒比與即時反應(yīng)相關(guān)的情緒更為復(fù)雜，如憤怒、欲望或歡樂。

Friederike Range博士，維也納大學(xué)的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)系，表明狗感到強烈的嫉妒當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們受到不公平的待遇與其他狗相比。

狗的研究是最近在一些物種，包括牛、馬、貓和羊，這表明動物更意識到自我－比我們想象的。

樸茨茅斯大學(xué)動物心理學(xué)家保羅莫里斯博士在《星期日時報》上說：“我們正在學(xué)習(xí)狗、馬，也許還有許多其他物種比我們意識到的要復(fù)雜得多。他們能夠忍受許多的情緒，我們曾以為只有靈長目動物的簡單形式（靈長類）可以體驗�！�

在對狗主人的研究中，Morris博士發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所有的寵物狗都有寵物的嫉妒行為。在一段感情的初期，這只狗經(jīng)常試圖讓主人遠(yuǎn)離一個新情人。

行為專家建議，當(dāng)一個新的伙伴或孩子出現(xiàn)時，主人盡可能多地養(yǎng)狗，以防止狗的嫉妒活動，例如吠叫。

BADB