Question

Commencement (畢業(yè)典禮) is a time for idealism.
But economic reality is cruel everywhere; especially for new graduate. They have been told repeatedly that a college degree is an open sesame(芝麻) to the global economy. But that’s not necessarily so, according to new research by two economists at he Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Frank Levy and Peter Temin.
It is true that people with college degrees make more money than people without degrees. The gap has narrowed somewhat in recent years, which is disturbing. But the earning power of college graduates still far outpaces that of less-educated workers.
The bad news, though, is that a college degree does not ensure a bigger share of the economics pie for many graduates. In recent decades Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show, only college-educated women have seen their income grow in line with economy wide gains in productivity. The earnings of male college graduates have failed to keep pace with productivity gains.
Instead, a huge share of productivity growth, which expands the nation’s income, is going to Americans on the top of the income scale. In 2005, the latest year with available data, the top of 1 percent of Americans---whose average annual income was $ 1.1 million--- took in 21.8 percent of the nation’s income, their largest share since 1929.
Administration officials, and other politicians and economists, often, believe that income inequality, reflects an education gap. But Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show that in the case of men, the average bachelor’s degree is not enough to catch the rising tide of the global economy.
They argue that the real reason that inequality is worsening is the lack of strong policies that broadly distribute economic gains. In the past, for example, a more progressive income tax and unions promote equality. Positive measures have been eroding and new ones have not yet emerged, making the income gap even greater.
Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin conclude that only a new government policy can restore general prosperity. That’s a challenge to the nation’s leader and today’s graduates. America needs them to contribute to the development of the nation in global economy.
小題1:The passage is mainly about that _______.

A．there is a big income gap between female and male college graduates in America.

B．college graduates find it hard to find an ideal job after graduation in America.

C．research shows that American government should take measures to ensure income equality for college graduates

D．college degrees are losing value in America.

小題2:What is the main idea of paragraph 5?

A．The whole nation has enjoyed a big income growth with the growth of productivity.

B．Much of the total income in America has been gained by a few very rich people.

C．A small part of people in America have income increase.

D．Upper class Americans contribute most to productivity growth.

小題3:The underlined word “eroding” in paragraph 7 probably means _______.

A．being gradually destroyed by wind or rain

B．gradually reducing power

C．gradually disappearing

D．gradually not suitable

小題4:We can infer from the passage that _______.

A．female college graduates have higher income than male ones.

B．female college graduates have benefited from some governmental measures to ensure their income growth.

C．income tax can grantee income equality.

D．new measures and policies have been taken to promote income equality.

小題5:From the passage, some economists believe that the worsening income inequality is caused by ______.

A．lower college degree of college graduates

B．lack of proper governmental policies

C．gender discrimination

D．underdevelopment of economy and productivity.

Answer 1

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:B
小題5:B

試題分析：本文敘述了在美國擁有大學學歷的人能掙更多的錢比那些沒有學位的人。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)最近幾年他們之間的收入差距在逐漸縮小,這是令人不安的。男性大學畢業(yè)生的收入沒有跟上生產力。女大學畢業(yè)生受益于政府的一些措施,以確保她們的收入增長，但是財富仍然有很少的一部分所擁有，這是由于政府的政策監(jiān)管不利造成了收入不均。
小題1:主旨大意題。綜觀全文可知,美國政府應該采取措施,確保大學畢業(yè)生有平等的收入，故選C。
小題2:段落大意題。根據在美國大部分的總收入是有一些非常富有的人得到，故選B。
小題3:詞意猜測題。根據new ones have not yet emerged指消弱了它的力量，故選B。
小題4:推理判斷題。根據only college-educated women have seen their income grow in line with economy wide gains in productivity.可推出女大學畢業(yè)生受益于政府的一些措施,以確保她們的收入增長，故選B。
小題5:細節(jié)理解題。根據the real reason that inequality is worsening is the lack of strong policies 政府缺乏合適的政策是主要原因，故選B。
點評：一般來說，多數(shù)段落會有一個段落主題句或核心詞，如果能準確地將其抓住，題目自然就迎刃而解了。如果把握不住主題句，應該重點閱讀各段的首句、第二句和末句。因為通常來講，學術性文章的闡述思路主要有兩種：演繹型(Deductive)和歸納型(Inductive)。