【題目】—When did the manager decide to construct the theory of management?
—It was last month ________ the management system suffered from a drawback.
A. whenB. thatC. which D. where
【答案】A
【解析】
試題分析:考查定語從句和強調句型。last month是先行詞,在句中作時間狀語,故要用when引導定語從句;在第二句中后面省略了強調句型的后半句that he decided to construct the theory of management。句意:——經理什么時候決定修訂管理理論的?——是在上個月管理系統(tǒng)出現問題的時候(他才決定重新修訂管理理論的)。故A正確。
強調就是使句子的某一部分比一般情況下顯得更加重要。英語表達中,要強調句子的某一成分,一般可用強調句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It在句中無意義,只起引出被強調部分的作用。被強調的部分指人時,除可用that外,還可換用who(強調賓語指人時也可用whom)。使用強調句型時,應注意以下事項:
1、去掉強調結構It is (was) … that(who)…后,剩下的詞仍能組成一個完整的句子。這是判斷是不是強調句型的關鍵。試比較:
1. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday. 2. It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.
顯然,句1去掉It is… that …后,句子結構不完整,是主語從句;
句2去掉It is … that …后,句子變?yōu)閥ou and Tom didn’t come yesterday. 仍是一個表意完整的句子,這是一個強調句。
再如: 1. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters. A. that B. what C. which D. this 答案A。這是一個強調主語的強調句型,去掉強調結構,剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。
2. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
答案D。由強調句型的判斷方法可知,該句不是強調句型。It指時間,句意為:好幾年我沒有這么高興了。since的意思是“自從那個時候起”。
2、如果強調時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時,不可用when, where, why或how,而仍用that。
試比較:It was because of the accident why he was late. (誤), It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。
又如:
1. It was not until midnight_____ they reached the camp site.
A. that B. when C. while D. as
答案A。該題強干擾項是B,考生容易因強調時間狀語until midnight而誤選。
2. It was after he got what he had desired ____he realized it was not so important.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案A。該句強調時間狀語從句after he got what he had desired,題干意思是“得到他所夢寐以求的東西后他才意識到一切都不那么重要”。不要誤選B。
3、注意強調句型的否定句和疑問句形式,在這方面很容易因弄不清句子結構而錯選。
如:
1. I just wonder ____that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is 答案D。正常語序的強調句型容易看出,但要注意它的變體。如果把該題變換一下語序:it is what that makes him so excited,不難看出這是強調句型的特殊疑問句形式,強調了疑問代詞what,因為wonder后賓語從句,故用了陳述語序。
2. It was not until she got home ____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A. when B. that C. where D. before
答案B。如果去掉強調結構,該句是一個“not… until”
句型:Jennifer didn’t realize she had lost her keys until she got home. 要強調時間狀語until she got home,這時要把主句中的否定詞not放在was之后。
4、強調主語時,that或who后面的謂語動詞的形式仍然取決于原句中的主語;be的變化只有is和was兩種形式,如果要表示現在時將來時的其它各種形式時,就用It is…, 表達過去時的各種形式時,用It was….一般要與謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致。如: 1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.
2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class. 3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket. 4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.
5、強調句中的時態(tài)。如果原句中謂語動詞使用的是現在范疇的時態(tài)(一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成/現在完成進行時、一般將來時、將來進行時、將來完成時等),用It is...that...。如果原句中謂語動詞為過去范疇的時態(tài)(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等),則用It was...that...。
6、在復習中有可能把It is/ was…that句式都誤認為是強調句型的幾種情況:
1)、把具有實際意義的指示代詞it后面接is/was…that誤認為是強調句式。
--- Where did you get to know her? --- It was on the farm ____ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
答案D。該句易誤作強調句型,所以A是強干擾項。這里where we worked 是定語從句,修飾the farm。It指“與她相識”這件事。該題很容易受思維定勢的影響而拒絕選D,因為平日教學老師一再強調,用強調句型時即使強調地點狀語,也不能用where而用that。該句如果要用it was… that強調句型的話,可改寫為“It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.”
2)、把it指時間、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等后接be的情形誤以為是強調句型。
It was twenty miles from our city to the village ____the accident happened.
A. that B. when C. then D. where
答案D。本題貌似It was…that強調句型,其實不然。句中It表示距離,where 引導地點狀語從句。
3)、把It is/ was…that結構的主語從句誤認為是強調句型。
1. The Foreign Minister said, “____our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
答案D。如果選A和C,指示代詞This和That在句中找不出指代的內容,選B意義不通。故選D。雖然選It is后題干中出現了It is… that結構,但這不是強調句型。很明顯,題干中的that從句應是主語從句,所缺的是形式主語。
7、強調句型It is/ was… that/ who主要用來強調句子的主語、賓語、狀語或表語。如果要強調謂語動詞,應該用代動詞do及其變形does或did,這三種形式常用在謂語動詞之前,以加強語氣。它一般只能強調現在時與過去時。如:
I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。
He does look well. 他的確看起來氣色很好。
You did give me a fright. 你真把我給嚇了一跳。
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