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【題目】When did the manager decide to construct the theory of management?

It was last month ________ the management system suffered from a drawback.

A. whenB. thatC. which D. where

【答案】A

【解析】

試題分析:考查定語從句和強調句型。last month是先行詞,在句中作時間狀語,故要用when引導定語從句;在第二句中后面省略了強調句型的后半句that he decided to construct the theory of management。句意:——經理什么時候決定修訂管理理論的?——是在上個月管理系統(tǒng)出現問題的時候他才決定重新修訂管理理論的。故A正確。

強調就是使句子的某一部分比一般情況下顯得更加重要。英語表達中,要強調句子的某一成分,一般可用強調句型It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分。It在句中無意義,只起引出被強調部分的作用。被強調的部分指人時,除可用that外,還可換用who(強調賓語指人時也可用whom)。使用強調句型時,應注意以下事項:

1、去掉強調結構It is (was) that(who)后,剩下的詞仍能組成一個完整的句子。這是判斷是不是強調句型的關鍵。試比較:

1. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday. 2. It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.

顯然,句1去掉It is that 后,句子結構不完整,是主語從句;

句2去掉It is that 后,句子變?yōu)閥ou and Tom didnt come yesterday. 仍是一個表意完整的句子,這是一個強調句。

再如: 1. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters. A. that B. what C. which D. this 答案A。這是一個強調主語的強調句型,去掉強調結構,剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。

2. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

答案D。由強調句型的判斷方法可知,該句不是強調句型。It指時間,句意為:好幾年我沒有這么高興了。since的意思是自從那個時候起。

2、如果強調時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時,不可用when, where, why或how,而仍用that。

試比較:It was because of the accident why he was late. (誤), It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。

又如:

1. It was not until midnight_____ they reached the camp site.

A. that B. when C. while D. as

答案A。該題強干擾項是B,考生容易因強調時間狀語until midnight而誤選。

2. It was after he got what he had desired ____he realized it was not so important.

A. that B. when C. since D. as

答案A。該句強調時間狀語從句after he got what he had desired,題干意思是得到他所夢寐以求的東西后他才意識到一切都不那么重要。不要誤選B。

3、注意強調句型的否定句和疑問句形式,在這方面很容易因弄不清句子結構而錯選。

如:

1. I just wonder ____that makes him so excited.

A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is 答案D。正常語序的強調句型容易看出,但要注意它的變體。如果把該題變換一下語序:it is what that makes him so excited,不難看出這是強調句型的特殊疑問句形式,強調了疑問代詞what,因為wonder后賓語從句,故用了陳述語序。

2. It was not until she got home ____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when B. that C. where D. before

答案B。如果去掉強調結構,該句是一個not until

句型:Jennifer didnt realize she had lost her keys until she got home. 要強調時間狀語until she got home,這時要把主句中的否定詞not放在was之后。

4、強調主語時,that或who后面的謂語動詞的形式仍然取決于原句中的主語;be的變化只有is和was兩種形式,如果要表示現在時將來時的其它各種形式時,就用It is, 表達過去時的各種形式時,用It was.一般要與謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致。如: 1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.

2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class. 3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket. 4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.

5、強調句中的時態(tài)。如果原句中謂語動詞使用的是現在范疇的時態(tài)(一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成/現在完成進行時、一般將來時、將來進行時、將來完成時等),用It is...that...。如果原句中謂語動詞為過去范疇的時態(tài)(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等),則用It was...that...。

6、在復習中有可能把It is/ wasthat句式都誤認為是強調句型的幾種情況:

1)、把具有實際意義的指示代詞it后面接is/wasthat誤認為是強調句式。

--- Where did you get to know her? --- It was on the farm ____ we worked.

A. that B. there C. which D. where

答案D。該句易誤作強調句型,所以A是強干擾項。這里where we worked 是定語從句,修飾the farm。It指與她相識這件事。該題很容易受思維定勢的影響而拒絕選D,因為平日教學老師一再強調,用強調句型時即使強調地點狀語,也不能用where而用that。該句如果要用it was that強調句型的話,可改寫為It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.

2)、把it指時間、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等后接be的情形誤以為是強調句型。

It was twenty miles from our city to the village ____the accident happened.

A. that B. when C. then D. where

答案D。本題貌似It wasthat強調句型,其實不然。句中It表示距離,where 引導地點狀語從句。

3)、把It is/ wasthat結構的主語從句誤認為是強調句型。

1. The Foreign Minister said, “____our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”

A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is

答案D。如果選A和C,指示代詞This和That在句中找不出指代的內容,選B意義不通。故選D。雖然選It is后題干中出現了It is that結構,但這不是強調句型。很明顯,題干中的that從句應是主語從句,所缺的是形式主語。

7、強調句型It is/ was that/ who主要用來強調句子的主語、賓語、狀語或表語。如果要強調謂語動詞,應該用代動詞do及其變形does或did,這三種形式常用在謂語動詞之前,以加強語氣。它一般只能強調現在時與過去時。如:

I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。

He does look well. 他的確看起來氣色很好。

You did give me a fright. 你真把我給嚇了一跳。

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