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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:2013屆江西省八校高三聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷(帶解析) 題型:閱讀理解
There are records of fingerprints taken many centuries ago. The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade. The Chinese used ink-on-paper finger impressions for business. However, fingerprinting wasn't used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century.
In 1858, Sir William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India.In order to reduce fraud(詐騙), he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay.This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints.In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system.Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist (優(yōu)生學(xué)家). Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8, 000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called "Fingerprints", in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system—the first existence.
Around the same time, Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system.In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, they matched Rojas' exactly.She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy(指紋鑒定法). It's still used in many Spanish-speaking countries.
Sir Edward Henry, in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon's technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world.
【小題1】Herschel had people record their fingerprints so as to_____.
A.develop a fingerprinting system | B.prevent illegal business |
C.put them on pieces of clay | D.collect and study fingerprints |
A.Herschel. | B.Faulds. | C.Gallon. | D.Darwin. |
A.the fingerprints | B.the two boys | C.the crimes | D.the police officers |
A.Faulds collected many fingerprints while in Japan |
B.Henry's classification system is based on Gallon's |
C.Darwin showed great interest in studying fingerprints |
D.Vucetich's fingerprinting system is still used all over the world |
A.Different uses of fingerprints. |
B.The history of fingerprinting. |
C.Countries that first used fingerprints. |
D.The way to collect and analyze fingerprints. |
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:2013屆廣西南寧三中高三下期二模英語(yǔ)卷(帶解析) 題型:閱讀理解
Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost unavoidably associated with environmental damage.
Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it is calculated in terms of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Before growth is calculated, inflation (通貨膨脹)is adjusted in order to take into account its misleading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total demand.
There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming.
Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.
In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflows’ natural speed which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.
For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage, whatsoever, is impossible.
【小題1】What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Pollution caused by plant construction. |
B. Effects of windmills on the environment. |
C. Economic growth and human civilization. |
D. Economic growth and environmental damage. |
A.Goods and products | B.The industrial plants |
C.Water and atmosphere | D.Negative health effects |
A. economic growth should be calculated in terms of GDP |
B. use of natural resources causes no damage to the environment |
C. industrial manufacturing may cause damage to the environment |
D. a windmill is a perfect way to produce economically practical energy |
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:2012-2013學(xué)年甘肅省蘭州一中高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷(帶解析) 題型:閱讀理解
A Japanese toy maker declares that they have developed a gadget that translates dog barks into human language and plans to begin selling the gadget——under the name of Bowlingual——in U. S. pet stores and gift shops this summer.
Tokyo-based Takara Co. Ltd. says about 300, 000 of the dog translator gadgets have been sold since it was on sale in Japan late last year. It is forecasting far bigger sales once an English language translation for dogs comes to America in August. The United States is home to about 67 million dogs, more than six times the number in Japan.
"We know that the Americans love their dogs so much, so we don't think they will mind spending $ 120 on this product, " the Takara marketing manager said during an interview at a recent pet products conference in Atlanta.
Regarded as one of the coolest inventions of 2002 by Time magazine, Bowlingual is made up of a 3 - inch long wireless microphone that is fastened to a dog collar and sends out sounds to a small console (控制臺(tái)) that is connected to a database (數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)). The console divides each bark into six emotional types——happiness, sadness, disappointment, anger, threat and desire——and shows common phrases, such as "You're ticking me off," that fit the dog's emotional state.
Takara says it has spent millions of dollars developing the gadget in cooperation(合作)with famous sound experts and animal behaviorists.
One thing that does appear certain is that the markets for animal translation products will likely remain a dog's world since Takara has no plans to develop a similar gadget for cats. "They are too unpredictable (反復(fù)無(wú)常) , " the marketing manager said.
【小題1】This passage mainly tells us that Bowlingual ___________.
A.was invented in Japan | B.has developed quickly |
C.will be sold in America | D.sells well for its price |
A.markets | B.products | C.plans | D.cats |
A.proud of | B.satisfied with | C.confident of | D.worried about |
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:2015屆四川省成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷(解析版) 題型:閱讀理解
“NOW I just don't believe that. ”Surely all of us, at some point, have watched a movie and thought: It's simply badly researched,or the makers must think we're fools. Recently, The Daily Telegraph ran a humorous piece on untrue tech moments from some top movies. Let’s see what they are all about.
Tom Chiver, the writer of The Daily Telegraph uses his first example from the movie Independence Day, in which a character comes up with a virus(病毒)which destroys Windows the computer system the alien (外星人)spacecraft uses. “It's a good thing that they didn't have Norton Anti-virus,” jokes Chivers.
It's just one case of a movie that takes a lot of license with its science. Another one Chivers mentions is from the movie Star Wars, where the glowing light beams (光束)traveling through space look very impressive. But the problem is that in space there are no air particles (粒子)for the light to reflect off. In reality, they'd be invisible(看不見(jiàn)的), which wouldn’t look so cool on the big screen.
Most people think that the mind—bending Matrix films are made for great viewing. But for Chivers, the science in the movies is a little bit silly. He comments “…the film is based on the idea that humans are kept alive as electricity generators (發(fā)電機(jī)). This is not just unlikely —it's basically impossible. They would need more energy to stay alive than they would produce. It's just like saying that you'll power the car with batteries, and keep the batteries charged by running a generator from the wheels. ”
And finally, as Chivers points out, DNA is not replaceable. But this bit of elementary genetics passed the makers of the 2002 Bond film Die Another Day by. In the film the bad guy has “gene treatment” to change his appearance and his DNA, which is completely impossible in our real world.
1.Which of the following does the writer agree with about the movie Independence Day?
A.It's a science fiction movie.
B.It's about the alien spacecraft.
C.It's produced by Tom Chiver.
D.It's a jokey and humorous one.
2. What is mainly talked about in the 4th paragraph?
A.How we can power the car with batteries.
B.How Tom Chiver thinks of the Matrix films.
C.How humans are kept alive as power generator.
D.How the Matrix films are made for great viewing.
3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.The movie Star Wars is about the light beams in space.
B.The author doesn't take the science in movies seriously.
C.Nowadays nobody believes in science movies any more.
D.There is a horrible virus in the movie Independence Day.
4.The underlined word “They” in the 4th paragraph refers to ______.
A.human beings B.car wheels
C.Matrix films D.electricity generators
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:2010-2011學(xué)年廣東執(zhí)信中學(xué)高三2月月考英語(yǔ)卷 題型:閱讀理解
閱讀理解(共20題; 每小題2分, 滿分40分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C 和D項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
They like using the Internet.They have lots of pocket money to spend.And they spend a higher proportion of it online than the rest of us.Teenagers are just the sort of people an online seller is interested in, and the things they want to buy-games, CDs and clothing-are easily sold on the Web.
But paying online is a tricky business for consumers who are too young to own credit cards.Most have to use a parent’s card.They want a facility that allows them to spend money.
That may come sooner than they think: new ways to take pocket money into cyber (網(wǎng)絡(luò)的) space are coming out rapidly on both sides of the Atlantic.If successful, these products can stimulate online sales.
In general, teenagers spend huge amounts: $153bn (billion) in the US last year and £20bn annually in the UK.Most teenagers have access to the Internet at home or at school-88 percent in the US, 69 percent in the UK.According to the Jupiter Research, one in eight of those with Internet access has bought something online-mainly CDs and books.
In most cases, parents pay for these purchases with credit cards, an arrangement that is often unsatisfactory for them and their children.Pressing parents to spend online is less productive than pressing on the high street.They are more likely to ask “Why?” if you ask to spend some money online.
One way to help teenagers change notes and coins into cybercash is through prepaid cards such as InternetCash in the US and Smart cards in the UK.Similar to those for pay-as-you-go mobile telephones, they are sold in amounts such as £20 or $50 with a concealed 14-digit number that can be used to load the cash into an online account.
1.What does the word “They” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Sellers. B. Buyers. C. Teenagers. D. Parents.
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. More than half of the teenagers in the US and the UK have Internet access.
B. Teenagers pay for goods online with their own credit cards.
C. Most teenagers in the US and the UK have bought something online.
D. Teenagers found it easier to persuade parents to buy online than in a shop.
3. A new way to help teenagers shop online is to use _________.
A. a new machine B. special coins and notes
C. prepaid cards D. pay-as-you-go mobile phones
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Online shopping traps. B. Internet users in the US and the UK.
C. New credit cards for parents. D. The arrival of cyber pocket money.
5. Which of the following words can best describe the writer’s attitude towards the phenomenon?
A. Proud and satisfied. B. Worried and anxious.
C. Objective and informative. D. Concerned and sad.
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