Americans have taken over from the Indians many things besides their continent! Where did corn, potatoes, tomatoes, chocolate and maple sugar come from? The Indians. Who invented moccasins, snowshoes and hammocks? The Indians!
A list of the tools, plants, materials and designs we owe to the Indians would include hundreds of items. But there is something far more familiar, something that is always at hand. It is used daily by every American: a large vocabulary of Indian words.
Potato, tomato, chocolate, moccasin and hammock came into English from Indian languages. So did cocoa, tobacco, maize (an Indian word for corn) and succotash. Some words have changed on the way. Potato, for example, comes from a word that sounds like “batata”. Cocoa began as “cacahuatl”.
Some meanings have also changed. The long Indian word from which succotash comes means “something broken off in bits”. Indian women often varied their dishes by mixing bits of one food with another. White men who ate an Indian dish of mixed lima beans (青豆) and corn began using the Indian word to mean this particular mixture.
Put on your moccasins and take a walk in the country. If it is a cold day and you wear a mackinaw, your jacket will be as Indian as your shoes. But mackinaw came from “michilimackinac”, the Indian name of a place where a fort (集市) served as a trading post. Bright-colored blankets or jackets bought at the post soon became known as “mackinaws”.
Early white visitors to the continent found Indian words useful for the things new to them. But some Indian sounds, such as the “tl” at the end of many words, were hard to say. That is why “coyotl” became coyote and “tomatle” became tomato.
Some words simply seemed too long. So, “musickwautash” became succotash and “rockahominy” became hominy.
小題1:The first two paragraphs may serve as a(n)     .
A．explanationB．introductionC．commentD．background
小題2: Which of the following has been changed for easier pronunciation?
A．BatataB．ChocolateC．TomatleD．Rockahominy
小題3: Some words have changed because       .
A．they are too long
B．nobody can use them
C．the things they refer to have disappeared
D．they are too difficult for people to write
小題4: What is the passage mainly about?
A．How Indian traditions affect us.
B．Why Indian words were changed.
C．Things we owe to the Indians.
D．Indian words all around us.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I remember taking __48__ English class in college on the short story. Our first assignment was to read __49__ short stones and then discuss which one was better. After reading both，I wasn’t sure. Over the __50__ several months, my professor taught me __51__ one story was so much better than the other wan humorous __52__ was rich in metaphor（隱喻）and character development, while the other was humorous __53__ too shallow. I couldn’t see this at first. Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated an __54__ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook from scratch (從頭開始 )? Have you been doing internet shopping rather than going to the stores? What can't you be bothered to do?
A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of adults are so idle they'd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs.
Just over 2000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health, Britain's largest health charity. The results were surprising.
About one in six people surveyed said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up.
More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus. Worryingly, of the 654 respondents (回答者) with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them.
This led the report to conclude that it's no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese (肥胖) before they start school. 
Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said: "People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and obviously their pets too.
"If we don't start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most basic of tasks."
And Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the laziest city in the UK, with 75% surveyed admitting they do not get enough exercise, followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%.
The results pose (對... 提出) serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year.
小題1:For the interest of country people should         .    
A．continue watching the same channel rather than get up to get the remote control
B．carry out even the most basic of tasks
C．get enough exercise to get fitter
D．a(chǎn)dmit they do not get enough exercise
小題2:Which of the following statements agrees with British people?  
A．They are fond of climbing the stairs.
B．They are willing to accompany their children.
C．They like sports and get enough exercise.
D．They are suffering from obesity-related illnesses.
小題3:What does the word "idle" in paragraph 2 mostly probably mean?   
A．a(chǎn)ctiveB．lazyC．optimisticD．pessimistic
小題4:Which country is the writer most likely to come from?
A．AmericaB．ChinaC．U.KD．France
小題5: What's the main idea of the passage?  
A．UK is taking measures to get over laziness.
B．How lazy British people are.
C．British people are suffering from laziness.
D．Challenges for the National Health Service.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Japanese government has launched(發(fā)起)a campaign encouraging people to go to bed and get up extra early in order to reduce household carbon dioxide emissions(二氧化碳排放).
The Morning Challenge campaign，put forward by the Environment Ministry, is based on the idea that swapping late night electricity for an extra hour of morning sunlight could greatly cut the nation’s carbon footprint．
A typical family can reduce its carbon dioxide footprint by 85 kg a year if everyone goes to bed and gets up one hour earlier，according to the campaign．The amount of carbon dioxide emissions potentially saved from going to bed an hour early was equal to 20 percent of annual emissions from household lights，“Many Japanese people waste electric power at night time，for example by watching TV until very late,”a ministry spokesman told The Daily Telegraph.“But going to bed early and getting up early can avoid wasting electrical power which causes carbon dioxide emissions.” The campaign also proposes that people take advantage of an extra hour of morning sunlight by improving their lifestyles in general by running, doing yoga and eating a nutritious breakfast.
It is the latest action dealing with climate change by the Japanese environment ministry，which is faced with the challenge of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 25 percent from 1990 levels within the next decade．
It was the same government department that launched the Cool Business campaign five years ago, which encouraged workers to wear short—sleeved shirts and offices not to turn air conditioning lower than 28 degrees during the summer.
小題1:. Why are Japanese encouraged to go to bed and get up early?
A．Because it is of great benefit to their health．
B．Because Japan is a country without enough electricity.
C．Because it can give off less carbon dioxide．D．Because it is a good habit．
小題2:.. The underlined word“swapping” means___________.
A．comparingB．exchangingC．turningD．competing
小題3:.. In general，a Japanese family gives off _________of carbon dioxide every year.
A．85 kgB．170 kgC．425 kgD．850 kg
小題4:. We can draw a conclusion that_________.
A．People can save energy and reduce emissions by changing their lifestyle
B．Japanese often don’t have nutritious breakfast
C．Japanese prefer to wear short—sleeved shirts in summer
D．Yoga is very popular with the old Japanese
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A．The Japanese government has launched the Cool Business campaign．
B．What can we do to cut carbon emissions?
C．Change your lifestyle and you can become healthy．
D．Japanese are encouraged to go to bed an hour early to cut carbon emissions．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For Chinese wanting to work as nurses in the United Sates, the arrival of the test of the Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools (CGFNS) may be a welcome move.
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So what exactly does CGFNS do?
First of all, it helps international nurses qualify for a work visa for the US. Nurses educated abroad who do not have a US license by the NCLEX-RN, must get the CGFNS certificate. “But not everyone who gets a CGFNS certificate can get a work visa. There are many requirements for a visa, and the CGFNS is just one,” said John Ratigan, immigration officer for the CGFNS.
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About 85 percent of those who passed the CGFNS have passed the NCLEX-RN. According to Barbara Michols, chief executive officer of CGFNS, “the CGFNS is cost-efficient for the Chinese. If they can’t pass the CGFNS here in China, their chances of passing the NCLEX-RN for the US are tiny. This saves time and money on visa applications and the long trip. ” In a word, to get a CGFNS certificate, a person must have: a credentials review, the CGFNS qualifying exam of nursing knowledge and an English language proficiency exam.
小題1:   We can infer from the text that to people hoping to work as registered nurses in the US, CGFNS tests can be taken _____.
A．nowhere but in the USB．somewhere outside the US
C．in every country but the USD．both in China and the US
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A．NCLEX-RNB．CGFNS
C．CGFNS and NCLEX-RND．CGFNS or NCLEX-RN
小題3:We can learn from the text that _____.
A．if you get a CGFNS certificate, you can pass the NCLEX-RN in the US and get visa
applications
B．if you pass the NCLEX-RN in the US, you can get a CGFNS certificate and get visa
applications
C．if you can't pass the NCLEX-RN in the US, you will not be able to pass the CGFNS
examination
D．if you get a CGFNS certificate, you will be more likely to pass the NCLEX-RN examination
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A．Two B．Four C．Five D．Six
小題5:What is probably the best title of this passage?
A．The CGFNS helps international nurses
B．The first CGFNS test in China
C．The CGFNS and the NCLEX-RN
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In America, when the eighth graders leave the middle school, they are often worried about moving to the high school. It is a hard time for them, but it can be an exciting one as well. To make it easier, students need to get familiar with their school.
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What’s more, to have a great start to a high school year, students can write down some of their worries, and ask for help from teachers and school workers.
小題1:According to the text, most students feel ________ when entering the high school.
A．excitedB．nervousC．lonelyD．disappointed
小題2:Which of the following is TRUE about the school clubs?
A．There are fewer students from higher grades in the school clubs.
B．The school clubs in high school only welcome sports fans.
C．Summer activities begin before school starts.
D．The school office can help new students join school clubs.
小題3:When do many schools take students to visit their new high school?
A．Before the eighth grade year starts.
B．Right after the high school year starts.
C．At the beginning of the new term in the high school.
D．At the end of their eighth grade year
小題4:The main offices will give away maps of their schools________.
A．only to help students to find different places of the schools
B．only to help parents to find different places of the schools
C．to help students and parents to find different classrooms of the schools
D．to help students and parents to find different places of the schools
小題5:What is the purpose of this text?
A．To tell the new students how to learn in high school
B．To introduce new schools.
C．To give the teachers some advice.
D．To give advice to new high school students.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Shopping in the United States changes a lot．About ninety years ago most people shopped in small stores that were owned by one person or a family．Women went from the bakery to the butcher's to the grocer and on to the fruit and vegetable seller in order to get their food for the week．
Then about sixty years ago, supermarkets were born．In a supermarket, people could get all the different kinds of food they needed without going to different stores．
The next big change in shopping in the United States was the shopping mall．A shopping mall is a group of stores under one roof．Because malls allowed people to shop without worrying about the weather, they soon became very popular．The mall became a place for people to socialize in addition to shopping．If you walk through a mall, you will see older people sitting, chatting and drinking coffee．Malls are places for teenagers to hang out．Many teens will often just "go to the mall" and spend time with their friends．
The recent change in American shopping was the superstore．Large chain stores such as Wal-Mart, Office Depot and Toys "R" Us have been built all across the United States．Because they are so large, they can buy goods at a great discount and sell them much cheaper than smaller stores．
Sometimes, when they are built near small towns, many of the small town stores have to close．They just cannot compete with their giant neighbors．
And now, online shopping is becoming more and more popular all over the States．People are too busy to go to the physical stores, so they go shopping over the Internet．Online shopping has lots of advantages．For instance, online stores are usually available 24 hours a day．Searching or browsing online shops can be faster than browsing the physical stores．While, online shopping also has its disadvantages．People are at higher risk of being cheated on the part of the merchant than in a physical store．And privacy of personal information may be let out．
小題1:Which of the following shows the right order of shopping development in the United States?
①small stores ②superstores ③shopping malls  ④shopping online
⑤supermarkets
A．①②③④⑤B．①⑤②③④
C．①⑤③②④D．②③④①⑤
小題2:Which is the place for people to spend time with others according to the passage?
A．Shopping malls．B． Small stores．
C．Supermarkets．D．Superstores．
小題3:Why can the superstores sell products at much lower prices?
A．Because they are built near small towns．
B．Because they are across the United States．
C．Because they sell all kinds of products people need．
D．Because they can buy goods at a reduction in the price．
小題4:What's the disadvantage of online shopping according to the passage?
A．Wasting time．B．Leaking personal information．
C．Fixed prices．D．No chance to do physical activities.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play with it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn’t, a child would burn himself or herself again and again, because fear would not warn himself or herself to keep away from the fire that had burnt himself or herself before. A really fearless soldier—and some do exist is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.
In our first sentence we suggested that fear should be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe: an aeroplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer!
The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take.
In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you. Fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well.
In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you can’t prevent an aeroplane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.
小題1:Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if _________.
A．they were given no warning beforehand
B．they had never burnt themselves
C．they had no sense of painD．they were fearful of the fire
小題2: A really fearless soldier _____________.
A．is of great use to the armyB．is not a real soldier
C．is nothing but a dead soldierD．easily gets killed in a battle
小題3:People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding the danger because _________.
A．they have gained experienceB．they jump out of the way in time
C．they are calm in the face of danger
D．they are warned of the danger by fear and take quick action
小題4:What's the writer's suggestion when the danger can't be avoided?
A．You have to try to overcome it.B．Fear can really help you to run away.
C．Fear always helps you stay safe.D．Fear is of great use to you.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Decision-making can be extremely difficult. Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.
In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the“I to you” approach while Japan，the “you to you” approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation(沖突) situation, which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with.The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person’s point of view. Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual(相互的) attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.
Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management(管理人員) and often does not consult middle management or the worker. However, in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels. Based on “bottom-up direction”, ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.
Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles. The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal fallsthrough, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings. Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses. But where the American is pressingfor a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.
On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonderat the slow pace in which Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerners, perhaps, lag(落后)behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.
小題1: The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world         .
A．face great difficulty in making decisions
B．a(chǎn)re different in decision-making styles
C．have all members contribute to a decision
D．have two approaches: “I to you” and “you to I”
小題2:Which of the following is TRUE of the Westerners?
A．They carry out the decision once it is made.
B．There are many meetings in their businesses.
C．They work to achieve harmony in doing business.
D．They are good at handling confrontation situation.
小題3:The author’s attitude towards Japanese decision-making is         .
A．positiveB．criticalC．negativeD．casual(無所謂的）

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