Across countryside, non-food crops are growing alongside wheat．Some are used in new alternatives to plastics and other materials, but others will simply be burned．
Burning crops is becoming more popular because it is good for the planet．Doing so is also cheaper than burning fossil fuels．As more land is devoted to non-food crop production, the economics of crops for fuel are likely to become even more favorable．
Humans have been burning such biomass—organic materials from plants or animals— since they discovered fire．But that burning fossil fuels could have catastrophic consequences has brought biomass back into fashion．
Even allowing for emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide from fuel used in planting, harvesting, processing and transporting biomass fuel, replacing fossil fuel with biomass can typically reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 90 percent．
Power stations around the world are experimenting with forms of biomass to add to their coal or oil, with encouraging results．Indeed, power companies could profit by turning to biomass, especially when the subsidies (補助) many governments offer for using renewable energy are taken into account．
Farmers can benefit from growing biomass．In Europe, the reduction of subsidies for certain crops is exposing farmers to market forces．Instead of being paid for whatever they produce, farmers must seek a clear demand for their product．Many believe that the demand for alternatives to fossil fuels could be just such a driver．
But while biomass offers a variety of potential alternatives, the world's infrastructure (基礎設施） has developed around burning fossil fuels to such a stage that switching to biomass involves a change in conception that many companies have not accepted．
Also, there are problems with using biomass．Although most coal-fired power stations could take a small amount of their fuel from biomass without significant adjustment, few are built to run on biomass alone．Burning some forms of biomass also causes environmental problems．Oils and waste can be smelly, while wood produces smoke unless burned properly．
The supply chains for fossil fuels are set up well, but those for biomass are just the beginning. Sources of supply for biomass rely on farm production and can therefore be less reliable. They are necessarily limited and it wouldn't make sense to turn a very large amount of valuable agricultural land away from food crops．But as the world adjusts to the need to control greenhouse gas emissions, these problems may receive more attention．
1.What do we know about biomass?
A．It is a useful way of burning crops．
B．It is plant and animal matter used to provide power．
C．It is a new alternative to be used widely．
D．It is a popular approach to fighting against pollution．
2.What are the advantages of using biomass?
a．It gives off less greenhouse gases．
b．It helps farmers receive subsidies for what they produce．
c．It has met the clear demand for energy．
d．It has brought subsidies for some power companies．
e．It is cheaper than burning fossil fuels．
A．a(chǎn), b, c B．b, c, d C．c, d, e D．a(chǎn), d, e
3.For coal-fired power stations, ______．
A．more effective ways to use biomass have been tried
B．using renewable energy has become their daily task
C．burning biomass alone would require considerable changes
D．setting up dependable supply channels needs governments' support
4.What is the author's attitude towards biomass fuels?
A．Defensive． B．Doubtful． C．Negative． D．Objective
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.D
【解析】
試題分析：文章講述了生物質能的好處及其生物質現(xiàn)在并沒有得到廣泛運用的原因，同時作者相信在不久的將來肯定能夠解決這些問題，它會被廣泛的運用。
1.細節(jié)題。從文章Humans have been burning such biomass—organic materials from plants or animals可知，生物質能是一種燃燒植物或是動物來獲取能量的東西，故選B
2.細節(jié)題。從文章Doing so is also cheaper than burning fossil fuels．；biomass can typically reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 90 percent． ；Farmers can benefit from growing biomass．In Europe, the reduction of subsidies for certain crops is exposing farmers to market forces可知生物能的好處是便宜，排放溫室氣體少，能夠獲得政府的補助，故選D
3.細節(jié)推斷題從Although most coal-fired power stations could take a small amount of their fuel from biomass without significant adjustment,及倒數(shù)第一，第二段可知，依靠煤發(fā)電的電廠如果用生物質能的話需要相當大的改變，故選C
4.推斷題。從全文來看，作者并沒有推崇也沒有反對這種能源，只是非常客觀的態(tài)度說明了它的使用情況，故選D
考點：科普類說明文
點評：本文文脈清晰，但是文意較難理解。說明文是歷年高考很常見的文體，對于科技類的說明文比較難，而對于說物的文體較容易。本文中，把握好一個中心即作者對于生物質能進行了客觀的介紹。同時，此類文章細節(jié)題居多，在對文章看懂了的基礎在仔細對比選項和文章，即可得出答案。
挑戰(zhàn)100單元檢測試卷系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The school was across the street from our home and I would often watch the kids as they played on the playground. She seemed so small as she pushed her way 36 the crowd of boys on the playground. She 37 from them all. I began to notice her at other times, basketball in hand, playing 38 . She would practice dribbling（運球）and shooting over and over again, sometimes until 39 . One day I asked her 40 she practiced so much. She looked 41 in my eyes and without a moment of hesitation she said, “ I want to go to college. The only way I can 42 is to get a scholarship. I am going to play college basketball. I want to be the best. My daddy told me if the dream is 43 enough, the facts don’t count.”
Well, I had to give in to her—she was 44 . One day, I saw her sitting in the grass, head 45 in her arms. I walked toward her and 46 asked what was the matter. “Oh, nothing,” came a soft reply, “ I am just too short.” The coach told her that at her height she would probably 47 get to play for a top ranked team, 48 offered a scholarship. So she 49 stop dreaming about college.
She was 50 and I sensed her disappointment. I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She told me that her father said those coaches were wrong. They just did not 51 the power of the dream. He told her 52 she really wanted to pay for a good college, if she truly wanted a scholarship, 53 could stop her except one thing---her own attitude. He told her again, “If the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.”
The next year, as she and her team went to the Northern California Championship game, she was 54 by a college recruiter(招聘人員). She was indeed offered a scholarship. She was going to get the college education that she had 55 and worked for all those years.
| A. through | B. across | C. over | D. into |
| A. brought out | B. showed out | C. stood out | D. worked out |
| A. friendly | B. lonely | C. simply | D. alone |
| A. dark | B. dawn | C. midnight | D. daybreak |
| A. how | B. when | C. why | D. what |
| A. worriedly | B. shyly | C. quietly | D. directly |
| A. go | B. get | C. enter | D. attend |
| A. small | B. big | C. real | D. false |
| A. determined | B. encouraged | C. fascinated | D. struck |
| A. covered | B. enclosed | C. dropped | D. buried |
| A. quietly | B. excitedly | C. angrily | D. hurriedly |
| A. ever | B. even | C. once | D. never |
| A. far more | B. much less | C. much fewer | D. many more |
| A. should | B. must | C. can | D. may |
| A. overjoyed | B. satisfied | C. embarrassed | D. heartbroken |
| A. understand | B. experience | C. learn | D. lose |
| A. even if | B. as if | C. that if | D. only if |
| A. anything | B. nothing | C. something | D. everything |
| A. seen | B. refused | C. treated | D. annoyed |
| A. dreamed of | B. accepted | C. thought of | D. appreciated |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011屆東北三省四市高三教學質量檢測英語卷（二） 題型：閱讀理解
No one else knew about the extra club in Zach Nash’s golf bag. It belonged to a friend, and Zach forgot it was there as he played his way to victory in a junior tournament（錦標賽）last summer in Wisconsin, US.
The 14-year-old accepted his medal, celebrated with his grandparents who had come from a long way to watch. But when he stopped by his country club to share the news, a professional player noticed something wrong. “Count your clubs,” he told the teenager.
Fifteen—one more than allowed. Zach’s eyes filled with tears.
If Zach had just won a basketball championship or a soccer game and someone had discovered a violation after the win, it would not have mattered. It is nothing unusual for a soccer player to dive to the turf to draw fouls（假摔以使對方犯規(guī)）.
Golf is different. In a win-at-all-costs world, the game holds itself to a higher standard. Golf isn’t a game where referees watch closely. In golf tournaments, dozens of competitors are spread across acres of land, so officials cannot hope to see each shot. Competitors call penalties（處罰）on themselves.
“It was a sport for gentlemen, and gentlemen did not care about winning. They care about doing the right thing,” said Robert Simon, a golf coach at Hamilton College in New York.
Honesty became a medal of honor. When one of the game’s early stars, Bobby Jones, was p
raised for calling a penalty on himself at the 1925 US Open, he replied: “You might as well praise a man for not robbing a bank.”
So even the error had no effect on Zach’s final score—he has never used the extra club, the teenager packed up his medal and dropped it in the mail. “But this is golf, and rules are rules. I just knew what I had to do,” he said.
Then came another tournament. Before teeing off(開球), Zach counted his clubs—four times.
【小題1】What can we infer from the text?
| A．A friend put an extra club in Zach’s bag. |
| B．Zach returned the medal that he had won. |
| C．Zach’s grandparents encouraged him to play fair. |
| D．Zach regretted meeting with the professional player. |
| A．honor comes before victory |
| B．players are superior to coaches |
| C．referees have to watch each shot |
| D．players needn't care about medals |
om the underlined sentence?| A．One should be praised for not robbing a bank. |
| B．Bobby looked down upon bank robbers. |
| C．Little did Bobby care about the penalty. |
| D．Observing rules demands no praise. |
| A．He remembered the lesson. | B．He lacked self-confidence. |
| C．He felt a little too nervous. | |
| D．He was no good with numbers. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年湖南省華容縣高二上學期期末考試英語試題（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap. Some call it the summer learning setback. Simply speaking, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget. The only thing they might gain is weight.
Most American schools follow a traditional nine-month calendar. Students get winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation. Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with a few weeks off in between. The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at last count. They were spread among forty-six of the fifty states.
But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school. Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said, "Year-round schools don't really solve the problem of the summer learning setback. They simply spread it out across the year."
Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students. Experts say this can be prevented. They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.
But calling them "summer school" could be a problem. The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term summer school”. In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood. The parents welcomed other terms like "summer camp," "enrichment," "extra time" and "hands-on learning."
【小題1】According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap .
| A．helps children to gain weight |
| B．leads children to work harder |
| C．improves children’s memories |
| D．a(chǎn)ffects children’s regular studies |
| A．perform better and have more learning gains |
| B．have much less time for relaxation every year |
| C．have generally the same number of class days |
| D．hold more classes with more free weeks off |
| A．Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation. |
| B．Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap. |
| C．There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar. |
| D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vocation. |
| A．They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much. |
| B．They are worried about the quality of the “summer school”. |
| C．They want their children to be forced to make up the gap. |
| D．They can’t afford to the further study during vacation. |
| A．Opening Summer Camps |
| B．Forbidding Summer Schools |
| C．Spreading Year-Round Education |
| D．Minding the Summer Learning Cap |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年廣東省廣州市高三第一次月考英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
I used to watch her from my kitchen window. She seemed so small as she muscled her way through the crowd of boys on the playground. The school was across the street from our home and I would often watch the kids as they played during break. I remember the first day I saw her playing basketball. I watched in wonder as she ran circles around the other kids. She managed to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into the net. The boys always tried to stop her but no one could. I began to notice her at other times, basketball in hand, playing alone.
One day I asked her why she practiced so much. Without a moment of hesitation she said, “I want to go to college. The only way I can go is to get a scholarship. I am going to play college basketball. I want to be the best. My Daddy told me if the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.” Well, I had to give it to her—she was determined. I watched her through those junior high years and into high school. Every week, she led her school team to victory.
One day in her senior year, I saw her sitting in the grass, head in her arms. I walked across the street and sat down in the cool grass beside her. Quietly I asked what was wrong. “Oh, nothing,” came a soft reply, “I am just too short.” The coach told her that at 5’5” she would probably never get to play for a top ranked team—much less offered a scholarship—so she should stop dreaming about college. She was heartbroken and I felt my own throat tighten as I sensed her disappointment. I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She told me that her father said those coaches were wrong. They just did not understand the power of a dream. He told her that if she truly wanted a scholarship and that nothing could stop her except one thing — her own attitude.
The next year, as she and her team went to the Northern California Championship game, she was offered a scholarship and on the college team. She was going to get the college education that she had dreamed of.
1.The author was probably the girl’s .
A. brother or sister B. friend C. mother D. teacher
2.Why was the girl heartbroken ?
A. She was considered too short to be a top player.
B. Her coach stopped her training because of her height.
C. She couldn’t be on a college basketball team.
D. She wouldn’t be admitted by an ideal college.
3. We can learn from the passage that .
A. her family wouldn’t like to pay her college fee
B. her father forced her to play basketball in collage
C. being a top basketball player can win you a scholarship for college
D. she wouldn’t like to turn to his father for help when in difficulty
4.Which word can best describe her father ?
A. Encouraging. B. Optimistic. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel.
5.Which proverb best matches the story ?
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Rome was not built in a day.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. Pride comes before a fall.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆度重慶市高一下學期期中考試英語題 題型：閱讀理解
We often hear the phrase:“You’ve a greater chance of being struck by lightning.” It is used to describe something that hasn’t got much chance of happening. However, the common saying undermines(掩蓋) the very real dangers of lightning. Last Friday, at least 5 people were killed by lightning in Nepal. Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths during natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those73 people die. That means more people are killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes. Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention as other disasters.
So to raise awareness, the US has made June 22 to 28 National Lightning Safety Week. It aims to warn the public of the dangers of lightning and provide safety tips during thunderstorms. “If you hear thunder , you are in danger from lightning,” said Rocky Lopes, a disaster educator at the American Red Cross.“Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any minute, so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until after the storm has ended. The single most important thing to remember is to seek hiding place,”Lopes said.
Summer is the high time for lightning storms, so when lightning strikes across the sky, remember these safety tips:
Stop working, fishing, swimming or playing in open fields.
If you can count less than ten seconds between a thunder and a lightning flash, take cover inside the nearest building.
Do not stand under a tree.
Get off bicycles or motorcycles.
Crouch down(蹲下)if there is no hiding place.
Avoid open spaces, wire fences, metal objects and electrical objects such as hair driers.
1.The popular opinion about being struck by lightening is that .
A. there is a greater chance for being killed by lightening than any other natural disaster
B. it is the most dangerous among all the natural disasters
C. the chance for a person to be struck by lightening is very small
D. it is impossible for people to be killed by lightening
2. The average death rate of being struck by lightening in US is about .
A.18% B.50% C.30% D.73%
3. Among all the safety tips, the most important one is that when you hear thunder in the open air， .
A. just stand by your bicycles and motorcycles
B. quickly find a place to go inside
C. count ten seconds between a thunder and a lightening
D. don’t have a hair drier in your hand
4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. There are more people killed by tornadoes and hurricanes than by lightening in US each year.
B. There are on average 5 persons killed by lightening in Nepal each day.
C. The death rate of being stuck by lightening is much higher than by other natural disasters.
D. The National Lightening Safety Week is made to warn the public against lightening.
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