Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警報(bào)) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry’s trade association, CTIA, estimates (估計(jì)) more than 48 billions text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alter and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nation’s emergency alter system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alter the public about emergencies.
“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warning and alters through cell phone and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alter system by carriers — telecommunication companies — is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alters.
There would be three types of messages, according to the rules.
The first would be a national alter from the president, likely involving  a terrorists attack or natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats,” which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction (綁架)emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.
【小題1】What is the purpose of the approval plan?

A．To warn people of emergencies via message.
B．To popularize the use of cell phone.
C．To estimate the monthly number of messages.
D．To promote the wireless industry.
【小題2】 The improvement to the present system is in the charge of ______.
A. CTLA.   B. the Warning Alert and Response Network
C. FCC    D. federal regulators
【小題3】The carriers’ participation in the system is determined by _______.
A．the US federal governmentB．mobile phone users
C．the carriers themselvesD．the law of the United States
【小題4】Which of the following is true of cell phone users?
They must accept the alert service. 
B. They may enjoy the alert service for free.
C. They must send the alerts to others.
D. They may choose the types of messages.
【小題5】An alert message will NOT be sent if __________.
A. a child loses his way         B. a university shooting happens
C. a natural disaster happens   D, a terrorist attack occurs
【小題6】 Which of the following would be the best title for the test?
A．Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B．Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry
C．Cell Phone Alerts Natural Disasters
D．Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon


【小題1】A
【小題2】C
【小題3】C
【小題4】B
【小題5】A
【小題6】D

解析【小題1】目的意圖題。由第一段Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergence alert (警報(bào)) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.可知批準(zhǔn)通過(guò)的一個(gè)新計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容就是研發(fā)一種通過(guò)手機(jī)短信形式發(fā)送警報(bào)的新系統(tǒng)。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后一句話“The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.”可知FCC就是要來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)找到新的方法來(lái)提醒人們注意警報(bào)。
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段“Participation in the alert system by carriers –telecommunications companies is voluntary”，特別是其中的關(guān)鍵詞“voluntary”（自愿的，自發(fā)的）,可知手機(jī)使用者自愿決定參加這個(gè)新系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)與否。
【小題4】判斷正誤題。由第六段的內(nèi)容描述，特別是關(guān)鍵句“They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.”可判斷出參與者可以免費(fèi)獲得警報(bào)信息服務(wù)。
【小題5】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的“The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve "approaching threats," which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction (綁架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.”對(duì)三種信息服務(wù)的描述可知A項(xiàng)不是所發(fā)信息內(nèi)容，B,C,D三項(xiàng)都分別在原文中提到了。
【小題6】主旨大意題。由第一段的開門見山，點(diǎn)明話題到最后一段的重申主題，對(duì)未來(lái)這種新系統(tǒng)展望，可得出最準(zhǔn)確的題目是D，A錯(cuò)在protecting students B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在by wireless industry, C 項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在National Disasters。

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Cities alarmed by deaths and injuries of pedestrians are taking efforts to make crosswalks safer for people on foot, especially seniors and children who need more time to cross streets.
A pedestrian is killed in a traffic accident in the USA every 110 minutes; one is injured every nine minutes, according to official data. Crosswalks can be especially dangerous for the elderly. Among people 70 and older, 36% of pedestrian deaths in 2006 occurred in crosswalks, compared   with 21% of those younger than 70, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.
The Federal Highway Administration(FHWA) advise that next year states increase by nearly 15% the amount of  time traffic lights provide for pedestrians to cross the street after the flashing orange hand appears.
FHWA spokesman Doug Hecox says reasons for the change include an aging population that needs more time to cross, health-conscious Americans walking more, children encouraged to walk to prevent getting overweight and high gas prices pushing people to walk instead of drive.
Pedestrian deaths went down by 12% from 5,449 in 1996 to 4,784 in 2006, Bur among those in 2006, 471 were killed in crosswalks, down slightly from 488 ten years earlier, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) says.
【小題1】Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．Among 100 pedestrian deaths there were 21 people younger than 70
B．Old people are more likely to meet with accidents happened per hour.
C．Traffic accidents killed more old people than young people
D．About seven traffic accidents happened per hour.
【小題2】What is FHWA’s suggestion to states?
A．Fixing more traffic lights
B．Providing more crosswalks
C．Giving pedestrians more time to cross streets.
D．Drivers don’t give way
【小題3】What’s the cause of the crosswalk safety problem according to the test?
A．There’re many cars and buses on the road.
B．Pedestrians are careless.
C．Crosswalks are crowded.
D．Drivers don’t give way.
【小題4】The report from NHTSA suggests that
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B．crosswalk safety has been greatly improved
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2010 was the year the Earth struck back.
Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcanoes, super typhoons, blizzards (暴風(fēng)雪), landslides and droughts killed at least a quarter million people in 2010 – the deadliest year in more than a generation. More people were killed worldwide by natural disasters this year than have been killed in terrorism attacks in the past 40 years combined.
“It just seemed like it was back-to-back(接二連三) and it came in waves,” said Craig Fugate, who heads the US Federal Emergency Management Agency. It handled a record number of disasters in 2010.
“The term “100-year event’ really lost its meaning this year.”
And we have ourselves to blame most of the time, scientists and disaster experts say.
Even though many disasters have the ring of random chance, the hand of man made this a particularly deadly, costly, extreme and strange year for everything from wild weather to earthquakes.
Poor construction and development practices make earthquakes more deadly than they need be. More people live in poverty in vulnerable buildings（危房） in crowded cities. That means that when the ground shakes, the river floods, or the tropical cyclone hits, more people die.
Disasters from the Earth, such as earthquakes and volcanoes “are pretty much constant,” said Andreas Schraft, vice president of catastrophic perils for the Geneva-based insurance giant Swiss Re. “All the change that’s made is man-made.”
The January earthquake that killed well more than 220,000 people in Haiti is a perfect example. Port-au-Prince has nearly three times as many people – many of them living in poverty- and more poorly built shanties(棚戶區(qū)) ,than it did 25 years ago. So had the same quake hit in 1985 instead of 2010; total deaths would have probably been in the 80,000 range, said Richard Olson, director of disaster risk reduction at Florida International University.
Climate scientists say Earth’s climate also is changing thanks to man-made global warming, bringing extreme weather, such as heat waves and flooding.
The excessive(過(guò)多的) amount of extreme weather that dominated 2010 is a classic sign of man-made global warming that climate scientists have long warned about. They calculate that the killer Russian heat wave – setting a national record of 111 degrees – would happen once every 100,000 years without global warming.
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【小題1】From paragraph 1 to paragraph 3, we learn   ___________________________.

A．what natural disasters mean to the people all over the world
B．how terrorism attacks struck in the past four decades
C．how the Earth struck back in 2010
D．why the world saw so many disasters in 2010
【小題2】The author gives the example of the big earthquake in Haiti to show that     ___________ .
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D．the country’s poverty and over- crowdedness results in the disaster
【小題3】 Which of the following would Debarati Guha Sapir most probably agree with?
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D．Conditions should be created to rid the influence of disasters.
【小題4】 According to John Holdren, the best way to cut back on the number of natural disasters is    __________________ .
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C．to make better decisions and policies of city development
D．to send out much fewer greenhouse gases and particles
【小題5】What is the real concern of the writer of this article?
A．The major causes of natural disasters.
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You never see them, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box.
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A．Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.
B．The total number of passengers on board.
C．The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.
D．Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.
【小題2】Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?
A．New materials became available by that time.
B．Too much space was needed for its installation.
C．The early models often got damaged in the crash.
D．The early models didn't provide the needed data.
【小題3】Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?
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C．To make them easily identifiable.
D．To obey international standards
【小題4】What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?
A．There is still a good chance of their being recovered.
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You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to endure almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box.
　When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean on June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潛水艇) detected the box's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
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A．It is an indispensable device on an airplane.　
B．The idea for its design comes from a comic book.
C．Its ability to avoid disasters is incredible.
D．It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.
【小題2】What does the underlined word in the 3rd paragraph mean?　
A．witness B．experienceC．resist　D．ensure
【小題3】Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?
A．New materials became available by that time.
B．Too much space was needed for its installation.
C．The early models didn't provide the needed data.
D．The early models often got damaged in the crash.
【小題4】What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?
A．There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.
B．There is still a good chance of their being recovered.　
C．They have stopped sending homing signals.
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In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come to work and live here? In the wake of the Sept．11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing．
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A．GuiltyB．OffendedC．DisappointedD．Discouraged
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A．evidence was found that they were potential terrorists
B．most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorists
C．terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status
D．they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport
【小題3】By saying “…we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are”, Mayor Anderson means “______”．
A．there are other ways of enforcing the law
B．we will examine the laws in a different way
C．we will turn a blind eye to your illegal status
D．the existing laws must not be ignored

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