【題目】If you saw another kid ride her bike too fast around a corner and fall down, you might ride your bike more slowly on that turn. Yes, we humans are very sensitive to others' mistakes. And the same is true for other animals. Animals mess up all the time. They might eat poisonous leaves, fall off a tree or let their prey (獵物) slip away. By watching others fail, an animal can avoid making the same mistakes, thus improving its chance of survival.

Scientists suspected that one part of the brain helps animals process information about others' errors. Cells in that part appear to become more active when a person sees someone else making a mistake. But researchers didn't know whether individual cells in this part of the brain play different roles in detecting errors.

To investigate the brain's response to errors in more detail, the researchers taught a game to two macaques, a type of monkey. One monkey could press a yellow or green button while the other watched. If the first monkey pressed the right button, the team gave both animals a treat. Every couple of rounds, the two monkeys switched roles. Meanwhile, the scientists monitored individual cells in the animal's brains.

When the first monkey messed up the game by pressing the wrong button, a group of cells in the second monkey's brain fired. But if the second monkey also made the wrong choice during its turn, some of the cells in that group didn't respond. Those unresponsive cells reacted specifically to mistakes made by others, not to the monkey's own mistakes.

Scientists believe other parts of the brain also might help people process information about another's errors. "You start to think about this other person and see things from his angle. " Ellen de Bruijn, told Science News. She studies the brain at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands.

【1】 According to Paragraph 1 , animals' ability to learn from others' mistakes ______.

A. used to be ignored by humans

B. ensures that they will never fail

C. is being lost because of humans

D. helps them to survive better

【2】The underlined word "detecting" in Paragraph 2 probably means "______".

A. correcting B. making

C. sensing D. drawing

【3】 In the experiment mentioned, those unresponsive cells are only sensitive to ______.

A. the same buttons B. others' mistakes

C. one's own mistakes D. the monkey's brain

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文，人類對(duì)別人的錯(cuò)誤很敏感，同樣，動(dòng)物也是這樣。本文通過實(shí)驗(yàn)說明了大腦只對(duì)別人的錯(cuò)誤有反映，但是卻對(duì)自己不會(huì)有反映，這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)引導(dǎo)人們從犯錯(cuò)誤的人的角度看問題。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段最后一句 By watching others fail, an animal can avoid making the same mistakes, thus improving its chance of survival.通過觀察其他動(dòng)物的失敗，一種動(dòng)物可以避免犯相似的錯(cuò)誤，這樣就提高了它生存的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D

【2】分析推斷題。結(jié)合該段科學(xué)家懷疑動(dòng)物大腦的一部分幫助動(dòng)物處理別人錯(cuò)誤的信息。這部分的細(xì)胞通常會(huì)在看到某人犯錯(cuò)的時(shí)候會(huì)變得活躍。但是科學(xué)家們不知道是大腦中這部分的個(gè)體細(xì)胞在-----錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候有著不同作用。根據(jù)這一段中的內(nèi)容，可以推測(cè)出這里的詞意思為感受。故選C

【3】細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Those unresponsive cells reacted specifically to mistakes made by others, not to the monkey's own mistakes.。這些遲鈍的細(xì)胞尤其對(duì)別人犯的錯(cuò)誤有反應(yīng)，而不是對(duì)猴子自己的錯(cuò)誤。故選B

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