1．A tornado （龍卷風(fēng)） is a violently turning column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud （積雨云）．Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes，but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel （漏斗）．Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 177km/h，are about 76meters across，and travel several kilometers before disappearing．The most extreme tornadoes can reach wind speeds of more than 483km/h，stretch more than 3.2km across，and stay on the ground for more than 100km．
Various types of tornadoes include the landspout，multiple vortex tornado，and waterspout．Waterspouts are characterized by a spiraling （螺旋式的上升） funnel-shaped wind current，connecting to a large cumulonimbus cloud．They are generally classified as tornadoes that develop over bodies of water，but there is disagreement over whether to classify them as true tornadoes．These spiraling columns of air frequently develop in tropical areas close to the equator，and are less common at high latitudes．Other tornado-like phenomena that exist in nature include the gustnado，dust devil，fire whirls，and steam devil； downbursts are frequently confused with tornadoes，though their action is dissimilar．
Tornadoes have been observed on every continent except Antarctica．However，the vast majority of tornadoes occur in the Tornado Alley region of the United States，although they can occur nearly anywhere in North America．They also occasionally occur in south-central and eastern Asia，northern and east-central South America，Southern Africa，northwestern and southeast Europe，western and southeastern Australia，and New Zealand．
There are several scales （測量儀） for rating the strength of tornadoes．The Fujita scale rates tornadoes by damage caused and has been replaced in some countries by the updated Enhanced Fujita Scale．An F0or EF0tornado，the weakest category，damages trees，but not strong structures．An F5or EF5tornado，the strongest category，tears buildings off their foundations and can change the shape of large skyscrapers．The TORRO scale ranges from a T0for extremely weak tornadoes to T11for the most powerful known tornadoes．
63．Which are definitely considered as real tornadoes？A
A．Landspouts．
B．Gustnadoes．
C．Downbursts．
D．Waterspouts．
64．From the passage we can learnB．
A．how tornadoes are generally formed
B．how big an area a tornado might strike
C．where the strongest tornadoes may occur
D．where tornadoes can be properly measured
65．It can be inferred from the passage thatD．
A．a(chǎn) cumulonimbus cloud must be the sign of a tornado
B．the South Pole is likely to be frequently hit by tornadoes
C．spiraling wind currents often develop in the United States
D．the Fujita scale is less advanced than the Enhanced Fujita scale
66．The author writes the passage mainly toC．
A．emphasize the destruction by tornadoes 
B．a(chǎn)nalyze the causes of tornadoes
C．introduce different aspects of tornadoes
D．warn people to avoid tornadoes．

分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，龍卷風(fēng)是暴力地將聯(lián)系接觸地球表面和積雨云的空氣，龍卷風(fēng)有許多不同的形狀和大小，但他們通常在可見的形式凝結(jié)漏斗．本文以此展開談?wù)�，主要介紹了龍卷風(fēng)的不同方面．

解答 63．答案：A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)"Various types of tornadoes include the landspout，multiple vortex tornado，and waterspout．Waterspouts are characterized by a spiraling （螺旋式的上升） funnel-shaped wind current，connecting to a large cumulonimbus cloud．They are generally classified as tornadoes that develop over bodies of water，but there is disagreement over whether to classify them as true tornadoes．"可知，各種類型的龍卷風(fēng)包括陸上龍卷風(fēng)，多個(gè)漩渦龍卷風(fēng)，和排水口，根據(jù)描述可排除排水口龍卷風(fēng)，故為landspout．故選A．
64．答案：B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．A．龍卷風(fēng)如何形成；B．龍卷風(fēng)會(huì)襲擊多大的區(qū)域；C．最強(qiáng)的龍卷風(fēng)會(huì)在哪里出現(xiàn)；D．哪里的龍卷風(fēng)可以被合理測量．根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，ACD均不能從文章中得出，B可以．故選B．
65．答案：D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)"The Fujita scale rates tornadoes by damage caused and has been replaced in some countries by the updated Enhanced Fujita Scale．"可知，the Fujita scale is less advanced than the Enhanced Fujita scale．故選D．
66．答案：C．主旨大意題．閱讀全文，本文主要講述了龍卷風(fēng)的不同方面．故選C．

點(diǎn)評 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題．詞義猜測題．做題時(shí)學(xué)生應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀原文，把握文章主要內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系文章上下文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)含義，從中選出正確答案，一定要做到有理有據(jù)，切忌胡亂猜測．

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