14.Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever,even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact,according to an official report on youth violence,"In our country today,the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment,but the terrible reality of violence".Given that this is the case,why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems,drive cars,or stay physically fit?
First of all,students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱).For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isn't in the sandwich,but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable,they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解決):stay calm.Once the student feels calmer,he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words,namecalling,and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand,soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down,they can use another key strategy (策略) for conflict resolution:listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side,and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterward,the listener can ask nonthreatening questions to clarify the speaker's position.Then the two people should change roles.
Finally,students need to consider what they are bearing.This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.For example,a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these:How did this start?What do I really want?What am I afraid of?As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesn't,careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual(彼此共同的) solution.
There will always be conflict in schools,but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence.After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program,according to Educators for Social Responsibility,"64percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92percent of the students felt better about themselves".Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,teachers,parents,bosses,and coworkers.In that way,conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
32.This article is mainly aboutD.
A.the lives of school children
B.the cause of arguments in schools
C.how to analyze youth violence
D.how to deal with school conflicts
33.From Paragraph 2we can learn thatB.
A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B.a(chǎn) small conflict can lead to violence
C.students tend to lose their temper easily
D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
34.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?C
A.To find out who is to blame.
B.To get ready to try new things.
C.To make clear what the real issue is.
D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
35.The writer's purpose for writing this article is toC.
A.complain about problems in school education
B.teach students different strategies for school life
C.a(chǎn)dvocate teaching conflict management in schools
D.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence.
分析 文章主要講述了如何來(lái)避免在學(xué)校學(xué)生們沖突升級(jí)為暴力,讓學(xué)生明白,沖突不可避免但是暴力是可以避免的.同時(shí)作者提出了避免暴力的方法,呼吁學(xué)校應(yīng)進(jìn)行這方面的教育.
解答 32.D,主旨大意題,根據(jù)第一段的Given that this is the case,why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems,drive cars,or stay physically fit?及最后一段可知,文章主要圍繞校園沖突展開(kāi),及如何來(lái)避免沖突的方法.故選D.
33.B,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,從第二段的句子A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult.及所舉得例子可以看出,一場(chǎng)暴力打斗往往是由小的沖突引起的.故選B.
34.C,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,從第五段的句子:It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該首先問(wèn)他們自己,弄清楚整個(gè)事情,故選C.
35.C,寫(xiě)作意圖題,從最后一段的句子:Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,teachers,parents,bosses,and coworkers.In that way,conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.可知,作者呼吁學(xué)校應(yīng)該教學(xué)生們?nèi)绾蝸?lái)處理沖突,這是學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握的基本技能.故選C.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 解答任務(wù)型閱讀理解題,首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意.因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒(méi)有標(biāo)題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過(guò)程中,應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料.其次,細(xì)讀題材,各個(gè)擊破.掌握全文的大意之后,細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問(wèn)題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問(wèn)題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時(shí),要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性.對(duì)于捕獲到的信息,要做認(rèn)真分析,仔細(xì)推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對(duì)題目要求,才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn).