It's not just adults who have a thing or two to discuss with other people, babies too have their own social lives and enjoy group interaction, according to a world-first study.
The breakthrough study conducted by psychologist Professor Ben Bradley, at Charles Sturt University, could completely transform the way child-care centers are set up. In their study, the researchers examined groups of nine-month-old babies in new South Wales and Britain.
And they came across astonishing results—it was found that infants had “social brains” and focused not just on their mothers but on social 1ife in groups as well,
“They communicate with more than one baby at once，and show jealousy and generousness，”said Professor Bradley．
He added，“They develop their own meanings through group interaction，they notice if a group member is behaving differently and they take on roles，such as leaders and followers．”
“A baby who has a depressed mother tends to be withdrawn(內(nèi)向的)，but put that same baby in a group of its peers(同齡人)and they behave and interact like any other baby．”
It was the first all-baby group study ever to be conducted．“Most studies of babies concentrate on the infant-mother relationship，assuming that is the single foundation for mental health．but babies are constantly involved with groups of people other than their mothers：fathers，siblings，grandparents and those taking care．Therefore。the ‘mother-baby approach’ needs to be combined with a‘ group approach’．”said Bradley．
Phoebe Christison ，a child-care worker at Camperdown Sunshine Bubs in Sydney’s inner west．said she often noticed what appeared．to be emotional attachments developed between toddlers．
She said，“Joel(10 months)and Isabella (11months)always like to hold hands when they sit in their high chairs and eat．And babies definitely show jealousy．They push and touch each other，and copy what the other is doing．”
小題1:A baby who has a depressed mother ____  ．
A．tends to be a follower
B．a(chǎn)lso enjoys group interaction
C．has poor social ability
D．pays more attention to its mother
小題2:What can be inferred from the result of this study?
A．Babies are affected by groups more than by their mothers．
B．There’s no need of child-care centers at a11．
C． Adults should include babies when having social activities．
D．The normal infant-mother bond alone isn’t enough for the good mental health for babies．
小題3:The underlined word “toddlers” in Para．8 can be replaced by_________
A．a(chǎn)dultsB．infantsC．peersD．groups
小題4:The example given in the last paragraph proves that a baby________ .
A．is born to be friendly to other babies
B．has interest in peers as well as in its mother
C．may have emotional attachments to another baby
D．shows jealousy and generousness as an adult

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:C

試題分析：本文講述了在孩子的精神健康方面，影響的因素較多，不僅僅是母親和嬰兒之間。
小題1:B 推理題。根據(jù)文章第6段A baby who has a depressed mother tends to be withdrawn(內(nèi)向的)，but put that same baby in a group of its peers(同齡人)and they behave and interact like any other baby．說明這樣的孩子在同齡人里他們的行為也會(huì)很外向，故B正確。
小題2:D 推斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Most studies of babies concentrate on the infant-mother relationship，assuming that is the single foundation for mental health．but babies are constantly involved with groups of people other than their mothers：fathers，siblings，grandparents and those taking care．Therefore。the ‘mother-baby approach’ needs to be combined with a‘ group approach’說明這樣的單獨(dú)的研究孩子和母親的關(guān)系是不完全的，各種聯(lián)系都對孩子的精神健康有好處。故D正確。
小題3:B 推理題。根據(jù)本句she often noticed what appeared．to be emotional attachments developed between toddlers．這個(gè)人又是護(hù)理中心的人，那么她注意到的小孩之間的情感聯(lián)系，故B正確。
小題4:C 推理題。在最后一段中列舉了Joel(10 months)and Isabella (11months)的例子就是為了證明to be emotional attachments developed between toddlers．孩子們之間的情感聯(lián)系。故C正確。
點(diǎn)評：本文屬于科普類短文。此類文章的最大的障礙是詞匯以及考生對閱讀內(nèi)容的不熟悉，需要考生在閱讀的時(shí)候有足夠的耐心。要養(yǎng)成在上下文串聯(lián)中猜測詞義的能力，根據(jù)上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞，以及詞義的解釋來理解生詞。同時(shí)要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影響。要根據(jù)題目及選項(xiàng)以及文章的上下文串聯(lián)合理的判斷推理。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are many international organizations which work to save and protect endangered species and natural environment. If you would like more information about any of the organizations listed blow, you can write to the addresses given.
Friends of the Earth (FOE) campaigns on a range of problems including rainforests, the countryside, water and air pollution and energy.
Friends of the Earth International Secretariat P. O. Box 19199 1000 G. D.
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Greenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to defend the environment. It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals, stop global warming and end pollution of air, land and seas. It also opposes nuclear (核) power.
Greenpeace International
1016 DW Amsterdam
The Netherlands
 
BirdLife international is an organization
which works to save endangered
birds all over the world
BirdLife International
Wellbrook Court
Girton Road
Cambridge CB3 ONA
England
WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature is the world’s largest private international organization for the protection of nature and endangered species.
Information Officer
WWF International
Avenue du Mont-Blanc
1196 Gland
Switzerland
小題1:If you want to learn more about the organizations, you can       .
A．call them B．write them a letter
C．visit them D．send them an e-mail
小題2:Which problem will be paid close attention to by FOE?
A．Overhunting ocean animals.
B．Killing endangered birds.
C．Heavy air pollution.
D．Global warming.
小題3:If you oppose nuclear power, you can join      .
A．Friends of the Earth
B．World Wide Fund For Nature
C．BirdLife International
D．Greenpeace
小題4:What can we learn about WWF?
A．It helps to protect nature and save endangered animals.
B．It is the world’s largest international organization.
C．It works for private companies and rich people.
D．It is a private organization in the United States.
小題5:Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Endangered animals
B．Global traffic problems
C．Environmental protection organizations
D．Natural beauty

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Learners of English, especially self-taught learners may have trouble in understanding speeches by native speakers. The following ways might help improve their listening ability.
First of all, do things step by step. It is not good to listen to something beyond your level. Better choose a suitable course and start with the first book. Go on to the second book only after you are sure you understand the first one.
Secondly, stick to one course of study. Don’t change books often. Never let your attention be attracted by another course just because it seems to be more “fashionable”. 
Thirdly, listen to the English news program over the radio from time to time.  Better go through the news stories in the Chinese-language newspaper first. That will make it easy for you to understand the English news on the radio.
Fourthly, if you have time, listen to some interesting stories in “Special English from the V.O.A. or other listening materials of the same level as that of your textbook”.
小題1:This is a piece of advice to learners of English on how to ________.
A．improve their listening ability
B．read fast
C．write better English and read faster
D．speak correctly
小題2:If you want to understand the English news program on the radio, you should ________.
A．read the Chinese-language newspaper step by step
B．read again and again the Chinese-language newspaper
C．go through the Chinese-language newspaper first
D．be able to recite the Chinese-language newspaper
小題3:The author advised that once you have taken up a course, you ________.
A．should stick to it
B．should begin with the last book
C．should take up other courses if they are more fashionable
D．shouldn’t do anything else
小題4:In this passage, V.O.A. stands for ________.
A.  a book         B. a magazine       C. a text-book      D. a radio station

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some wonderfully creative uses of X-rays have been in the world of art．But the most impressive one is to uncover what has been covered up．Details unfolded by an X-ray of a painting can ' t be seen any other way．For example, in the past, paintings were often repaired if small pieces of paint fell off the canvas （帆布）． These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting．It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made．
An X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a famous painter or if it is a forgery（贗品）．If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original．If the brushstrokes （筆跡） , for example, are shown to be totally different than in other work done by a certain artist, then the painting is proved to be a fake copy．
Since modern paints are usually made from different materials than paints of hundreds of years ago, the image they leave on an X-ray film looks different．This is another way X-rays can be used to spot a forgery．A modem artist will try to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty varnish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look cracked．To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the deception is obvious．
It was common many years ago for an artist to finish a painting, decide it wasn't any good, and paint a completely different picture on top of it．Or artists would paint over others' work —it was their version of recycling．Taking an X-ray is the only way to find out if there is a picture underneath the picture you see with your eyes．Sometimes museums will be more interested in the painting beneath than the one on top, and will restore the older one by having the top layer painstakingly removed．
小題1:What is the main purpose of the article?
A．To provide information to police who are looking for stolen art．
B．To persuade art dealers to check for fake copies before selling art．
C．To explain how modern technology can be applied in unique ways．
D．To help artists restore damaged artwork to its original appearance．
小題2:According to the passage，X-rays are used to ______．
A．make repairs on paintings in the past
B．identify the authenticity of an artwork
C．change the materials of a forgery
D．remove the recyclable paints
小題3:In Paragraph 3, the word "deception" probably means ______．
A．comparisonB．drawbackC．trickeryD．judgement
小題4:Which is the best title for the passage?
A．X-ray Detectives
B．Creative Uses of Technology
C．Forgery Studies
D．X-ray Painting Techniques

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century.
But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes – for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.
Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove the donor’s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold(組織支架). This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo’s windpipe, and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be transplanted into Ms Castillo.
Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.
This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and so on.
However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.
小題1:This transplant is considered the greatest medical breakthrough because _________.
A．this is the first organ transplant in the whole world
B．the patient is in perfect health after the operation
C．it is the first success with new stem cell technology
D．the stem cells are from an embryo developed in a lab
小題2:Stem cells are different from the other ceils in the way that __________.
A．they are grown in the lab only
B．they can grow into different types of cell
C．they are designed for a specific purpose
D．they can work in the liver not in the heart
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A．How Claudia survived in the operation
B．How to remove the cells from the donor’s organ
C．Why stem cells are needed in the transplant
D．How the windpipe is transplanted
小題4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Human bodies always reject transplanted organs even with their own cells
B．The donor’s cells had to be removed because they were unhealthy
C．The transplanted organ was refilled with the stem cells only
D．Claudia will not have to take drugs to prevent rejection.
小題5:Which word can best describe the scientists’ attitude towards the stem cell technology?
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Every year in the first week of English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless homework requires it. They find the writing process painful and difficult.
How awful it is to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it, especially with its rich vocabulary. Being able to speak but not write is like living in an enormous mansion and never leaving one small room. When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know, as a teacher my duty is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency and accuracy while providing the opportunity in any writing activity to enhance（增強(qiáng)）the moral and emotional development of my students.
One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.
Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done just like exercise; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise, writing skills improve quickly with writing practice daily. I often see a rise in student confidence and performance after only a few weeks of journal writing.
Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole students. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and emotional lives. They build skills so that some say they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation（法規(guī)）, or the perfect love letter. That they write in their journals every day puts them a step closer to fluency, eloquence（雄辯）and command of the language.
小題1:What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To encourage students to keep a journal every day.
B．To analyze students’ problems in learning languages.
C．To stress the importance of writing in language learning.
D．To introduce an effective way of improving students’ writing.
小題2:The underlined phrase “an enormous mansion” in Paragraph 2 refers to students’       .
A．writing opportunityB．large house
C．large vocabularyD．emotional life
小題3:In the author’s view, what can students benefit from the journal writing?
A．It is beneficial to students’ future career.
B．It can make students more emotional.
C．It is helpful to students’ homework.
D．It can enlarge students’ vocabulary.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

The Internet has _______(16) effects on our lives.
The first is its value for people who are looking for information. When people are _____________(17)information ,from weather forecasts to __________(18)research, the Internet is now the first place that many people ___________(19).With the ___________(20) of a button or the click of a mouse , a student can _______________(21)knowledge from the information held in the largest libraries and museums in the world .
Another truly wonderful __________(22)of the Internet is the way people use it to build social ties. One of the greatest ________(23)of Internet friendships is that they are ________________(24)common interests, rather than appearance, age or popularity. Young people from different _________(25)and different countries can form lifelong friendships.
The Internet also has its negative effects on our lives.
The ___________(26)  is that it is difficult to _________(27) whether the information is true and accurate. The __________(28) of false information on the Internet becomes more of a problem every day . This is very __________(29)because people can write anything they want,and we cannot always tell if the information is true or not .
Another disadvantage of the Internet is that it is affecting people’s ________(30)lives. As the Internet has gained ________(31),there has been a change in the way people spend their time. Now ,________(32)spending time together in the evenings, some families spend their time ______(33)because one or more members are using the computer. ________(34) some young people spend so much time ______(35)computer games and using the Internet that they have become addicted to computer games.
小題1:
A．negativeB．positiveC．creativeD．a(chǎn)ggressive
小題2:
A．in need ofB．in face ofC．in charge of D．in honour of
小題3:
A．scientificB．biologicalC．a(chǎn)cademicD．techonological
小題4:
A．turn toB．point toC．refer toD．leader to
小題5:
A．catchB．orderC．giveD．touch
小題6:
A．a(chǎn)cquireB．haveC．requireD．win
小題7:
A．fieldB．a(chǎn)reaC．a(chǎn)spectD．way
小題8:
A．interestB．benefitsC．profitsD．kinds
小題9:
A．concentrated onB．devoted toC．a(chǎn)bandoned toD．based on
小題10:
A．backgroundsB．familiesC．societiesD．groups
小題11:
A．a(chǎn)dvantagesB． disadvantagesC．shortages D．shortcomings
小題12:
A．guessB．judgeC． supposeD．think
小題13:
A．a(chǎn)mountB．quantitiesC． numbersD．total
小題14:
A．handsomeB．troublesomeC．quarrelsomeD．fearsome
小題15:
A．privateB．publicC．stateD．personal
小題16:
A．permissionB．defenceC．popularityD．occupation
小題17:
A．rather thanB．instead ofC．in exchange forD．in spite of
小題18:
A．a(chǎn)sideB．a(chǎn)partC．a(chǎn)loneD．a(chǎn)broad
小題19:
A．In factB．In caseC．In turnD．In all
小題20:
A．playB．playingC．to playD．played

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In some countries in which there is very little rain at any time, the farmers have to irrigate their fields. Irrigation is easy enough if there is a great river near the crops, and if there is plenty of water in it. Canals carry the river water to the fields when necessary. In some seasons there may be too much water in the river, and the water may flood all the land near it. At other times the river water may not be enough for all the farmers, and then it will be difficult to irrigate the fields.
To prevent these difficulties, a dam may be built across the river. This will store water for dry seasons, and in wet seasons it will prevent the flooding of the land. A great lake will, no doubt, be formed behind the dam, and this may mean that houses and fields will be covered with water. Most people will accept that and will be ready to move to other places. Then the country can have the right amount of water at all times; more crops will be grown, there will be more food for everyone, and there will be no more floods.
Dams have been built for centuries in different parts of the world. Modern dame are usually built of concrete（混凝土）but earth dams were used in India and Sri Lanka about 2500 years ago. There was another across the River Tigris very long ago, and large numbers of irrigation canals were made in Iraq to irrigate the land. The Romans were great dam-builders and there was also a famous dam at Ma’ rubin Arabia.
We cannot use sea water for irrigation; the salt will not allow the crops to grow. Fresh water is always needed, and it is very difficult and costly to make fresh water from sea water. This is done in a few countries, but the fresh water is for drinking. There is not enough at present for irrigation. Perhaps a scientist will one day invent a cheaper way of producing fresh water from the sea.
小題1:The first paragraph mainly talks about         .
A．the problems caused by river water
B．the necessity to irrigate the field
C．the water shortage in some countries
D．the canals carrying water to fields
小題2:A dam is usually built         .
A．to cover the houses and fields
B．for people to have the right amount of water at all times
C．to grow crops better
D．to form a large lake
小題3:The underlined word“that”means        .
A．a(chǎn) dam will be built across the river
B．a(chǎn) dam will store water for dry seasons
C．in wet seasons a dam will prevent the flooding of the land
D．houses and fields will be covered will water
小題4:The third paragraph suggests that        .
A．modern dams are made of concrete
B．Romans once built many great dams
C．there was too much water in 1rap in the past
D．modern dams are better than early dams

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One would have to be a fool to overlook (忽視)the importance of using positive(積極的) thinking for you rather than allowing negative thinking to work against you. In recent years, research in psychopharmacology (精神藥理學(xué)) has proved what many people have known over the centuries: a positive attitude is good for you, good for your health, good for your wealth, good for everything. Researchers found that a positive attitude produces a specific chemical reaction which makes people feel better, while negative thinking results in a decline of hormone (荷爾蒙) and shuts down the immune (免疫的) system. This leads to illness and depression. Positive thoughts will make you feel better. Even if you must begin by literally forcing yourself to be positive (faking it, so to speak), it will become contagious (會(huì)傳播的) and the positive thoughts will generate nice little chemicals and good feelings which will reinforce the positive thoughts.
For example, if you force yourself to smile or laugh, even when you don't feel like smiling or laughing, if you keep at it for a few minutes, you will soon feel like it. Feelings can generate (導(dǎo)致)thoughts, but thoughts can also generate feelings. Control your thoughts and you can control your feelings. Positive thinking is important in all aspects of our lives. There is probably no single factor more important in determining your success in achieving your career objectives than your own attitude.
It's often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. And in the office of militant (好戰(zhàn)) negativism, the positive workers shine like gold. You cannot control external events, but you can learn to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude and be happy. This vital key to success is totally within your control. Use it.
小題1:We can infer from the passage that         .
A．positive thinking can cure you of your diseases
B．positive thinking can easily be generated by anyone
C．a(chǎn) decline of hormone may cause you to be depressed
D．a(chǎn) specific chemical reaction is the cause of negative thinking
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A．Feeling and thoughts can generate each other.
B．It's easier to control thoughts than to control feelings.
C．Your success depends wholly on your attitude.
D．Keeping smiling will surely make you successful.
小題3:Just like a one-eyed man in the land of the blind, you should             .
A．control your feeling to what is happening to you
B．be king in your office
C．pay no attention to what is going on around you
D．take positive attitude in the office of militant negativism
小題4:The best title to the passage is             .
A．The Bad Effect of Negative ThinkingB．Why Should People Think
C．Thinking: The Vital WayD．Positive Thinking Benefits People

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