Scientists Alan M．Goldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the use of animals in toxicology(毒物學(xué))testing．Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．Computer models are becoming increasingly complex and many could one day become more accurate than trials in living animals．

    Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants （好戰(zhàn)分子）．At a hearing，a Senate．committee listened to testimony（證詞） against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company．One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified（辯護(hù)） to spare animals’ lives；he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end．

    Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically（倫理道德地）preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives．But for the sake of people and animals alike，the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support．

    In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)）have yet to catch up．In both the European Union and the U．S．，scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals．Thus，animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation（確認(rèn)）of new methods so that they can be more widely employed．And animal advocates（保護(hù)者） who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech’s and large pharmaceutical（藥品的） companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research．

1._____ plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing．

A．Huntingdon Life Sciences     B．Improvement in technologies

C．Animal-fights militants      D．Scientists Alan and Thomas

2.Accordingly, the animal-rights militants hold the view that_____．

A．a(chǎn)nimals shouldn’t be used in toxicology testing

B．a(chǎn)nimals should enjoy equal rights with human beings

C．a(chǎn)nimals should live wildly and freely

D．we should protect animals from being killed casually

3.From the passage，we can find _____．

A．the use of animals in testing has been stopped abruptly

B．a(chǎn)nimal substitutes are not preferable

C．supervising standards contribute to the continued use of animals in testing

D．only Huntingdon Life Sciences is accused

4.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Saving animals and people．

B．The new trend in toxicology testing

C．The use of animals in testing is against human nature

D．New technology changes the fate of animals

5.The writer’s attitude towards replacing the use of animals in toxicology is____．

A．a(chǎn)rbitrary（武斷的，隨意的）  B．pessimistic

C．indifferent（不關(guān)心的 ）    D．optimistic

 

【答案】

 

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.D

【解析】

試題分析：數(shù)百年來，人類已在使用動(dòng)物進(jìn)行病毒學(xué)研究。近年，隨著動(dòng)物保護(hù)組織的反對和電腦模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)的成功，這人們在討論這種以活體動(dòng)物為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的手段還能繼續(xù)下去嗎？

1.細(xì)節(jié)題;從第一段的句子：Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．毫無疑問，用動(dòng)物進(jìn)行病毒學(xué)研究，對人類健康保障起了重要作用。要在實(shí)驗(yàn)中不用或少用動(dòng)物，有賴于現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的改進(jìn)和發(fā)展。選B

2.細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants 可知好戰(zhàn)的動(dòng)物保護(hù)分子的極端意見，認(rèn)為人類要停止以動(dòng)物為研究對象的所有實(shí)驗(yàn)。選A

3.細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)最后一段的句子：In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)）have yet to catch up．可知?jiǎng)游飳?shí)驗(yàn)在現(xiàn)有條件下還要存在，但必須有一個(gè)監(jiān)督標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（supervising standard），以便對動(dòng)物保護(hù)要求有個(gè)交代。選C

4.主旨題：文中提到毒物學(xué)研究有新發(fā)展，可以用電腦模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)過程，但這些都還不完善，只是一種科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展傾向。選B

5.作者態(tài)度題：在語境中考查形容詞的用法。arbitrary意為“任意的”，pessimistic意為“悲觀的”， indifferent意為“不以為然的”， optimistic意為“樂觀的”，按作者的意見，在新技術(shù)的條件下，完全有可能用其它手段代替活體動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)，是樂觀的態(tài)度，故選D。

考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文

 

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