2．A blue hole is a flooded sea cave with a hole that opens up at the land's surface．These cave systems form in carbonate rock，often on islands．Some blue holes have very special rock formations and water chemistry．Far below sea level，they contain some of the harshest environments on Earth，with no oxygen and no light．Yet these areas are filled with life forms that have adapted to the extreme conditions．
Information gathered from these blue holes is helping scientists to increase their understanding of biology，archaeology and geology．But exploring these blue hole environments brings danger as well as discovery．
Blue holes get their name from the color some have when seen from the air．The color is usually a reflection of the sky on the water．But not all of these cave systems have blue surfaces．Some contain dark or muddy water．
Blue holes are the result of erosion in which water breaks down rock．Rain falling thousands of years ago contained chemicals which slowly wore away at the limestone landmass．These holes were later filled with sea water as the sea level changed．The rising and falling of sea levels and the mixture of salt and fresh water further wore away at these cave formations．Blue holes are vertical caves．But they can also have horizontal cave formations that may be hundreds of meters long．
These flooded cave systems can be found in the ocean，or they can be found inland．Ocean caves are affected by tides，so they always have water movement．But blue holes on land are very still．They have several layers of water，chemicals，and bacteria．The top layer of fresh water comes from rainfall．This layer acts like a cap on top of the layered mixture，and keeps out oxygen from the atmosphere．The fresh water floats on a denser layer of saltwater．Underneath this is a layer of poisonous hydrogen sulfide，produced by bacteria living in the water．Underneath this layer is anoxic seawater--water that does not contain any oxygen．
Underwater caves are probably one of the least explored ecosystems on the planet．One reason blue holes have not been fully explored is that they can be extremely dangerous．There are many safety rules that divers must follow to help ensure their survival．
First，divers must have training and experience to swim in these caves．Those who explore a cave for the first time must establish a thin rope called a guideline．This line helps them to safely enter and bring more than one set of breathing equipment in case one device fails．Meanwhile，they must pay careful attention to their air supply．The rule is to use a third of their air to enter the cave，a third to exit，and a third for emergencies．
    For most explorers，though，the possibility of discovery in these cave environments makes the experience worth the risk．You can jump into what looks like an insignificant little hole in the ground，and come out with information that's of value to many different disciplines，Scientists are interested in these caves because oxygen-free conditions there are similar to those on Earth long ago，before oxygen existed on our planet．，as well as similar to space．
50．According to the Passage，blue holesB．
A．a(chǎn)re now a popular choice for tourists
B．a(chǎn)re flooded caves found mostly on islands
C．have appeared as rocks pile up year by year
D．can give off bright blue light deep in the caves
51．It can be inferred front the passage thatD．
A．quantities of advanced life forms exist in blue boles
B．blue holes are not fully explored due to their low value
C．blue holes are vertical caves because of strong currents
D．the chemicals in the rain lead to the formation of blue caves
52．The fifth paragraph mainly talks aboutA．
A．two different types of blue holes    
B．how a blue hole comes into being
C．why scientists are interested in blue holes       
D．rules for divers exploring blue holes
53．When exploring blue holes，divers mustD．
A．have a thin rope as a guideline anytime           
B．wear glasses in case of bright blue light
C．swim as quickly as possible to save time          
D．learn to make good use of their air supply
54．The exploration of blue holes can help usB．
A．discover moue energy resources  
B．understand the origin of life on Farth
C．learn about the movements of seawater
D．get ready for the exploration of the ocean．

分析 文章介紹了探索地球上神秘的藍(lán)洞，包括藍(lán)洞的定義，藍(lán)洞是怎么形成的，藍(lán)洞的不同的結(jié)構(gòu)等．

解答 BDADB
50   B   細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第一 段A blue hole is a flooded sea cave with a hole that opens up at the land's surface． 可知藍(lán)洞是在島上被淹沒的洞穴，故選B．
51    D   推理判斷題．  根據(jù)文章第四 段 Rain falling thousands of years ago contained chemicals which slowly wore away at the limestone landmass．可知雨中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)導(dǎo)致了藍(lán)洞的形成，故選D．
52   A  細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第 五段 These flooded cave systems can be found in the ocean，or they can be found inland．可知第五段講述的是藍(lán)洞有兩種不同的類型，故選A．
53   D   細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第 二段Meanwhile，they must pay careful attention to their air supply 可知潛水員在探索藍(lán)洞的時(shí)候，必須小心使用空氣供應(yīng)，故選D．
54   B   細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章最后一段Scientists are interested in these caves because oxygen-free conditions there are similar to those on Earth long ago，before oxygen existed on our planet．，as well as similar to space． 可知探索藍(lán)洞對(duì)于理解生命起源是有幫助的，故選B．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

12．Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior．
    One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards．Researchers at Harvard University in the United States did the study．They had about 200 college students play a game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma．The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group．
The students played in groups of four．Each player could win points for the group，so they would all gain equally．But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players，at a cost to the punisher．
Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation．The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least．
And the more a group punished itself，the lower its earnings．The group with the most punishment earned 25% less than the group with the least punishment．
The other study involved children．Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups．More than 800 children were ages two to four the first time they were tested．More than 700 children were ages five to nine．
The two groups were retested four years later，and the study compared the results with the first test．Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not．
The study says the IQs-or intelligence quotients-of the younger children who were not spanked（摑）were five points higher than those who were．In the older group，the difference was almost three points．
Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire has written extensively about physical punishment of children．He says the more they are spanked，the slower their mental development．He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common．
67．Which of the following is True about the game mentioned in the first paragraph？C
A．Prisoners are more interested in the first game than the university students．
B．The game is very popular with the students in Harvard University in the United States．
C．The game is played to test whether people are more cooperative on the basis of rewards．
D．The game is played in order to encourage the students to cooperate．
68．The underlined part in the third paragraph means the punisher will have toB．
A．lose some of his money              
B．lose some of the points
C．lose all the points of the group         
D．gain the points of the punished
69．What does the result of the first experiment imply？A
A．Rewards encourage better cooperation than punishments．
B．Individual interests are always a challenge to the group．
C．Four members will work better in one group．
D．The group that punished most gained nothing eventually．
70．What do we know about the second experiment in the passage？A
A．The whole experiment，including two tests，lasted four years．
B．Physical punishment was employed only in the younger group．
C．Children in both groups have acquired same IQ development．
D．No physical punishment was used in the younger group．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

13．People with disabilities make up a large part of the population．It is estimated（估計(jì)） that over 35 million Americans have physical，mental，or other disabilities．About half of these disabilities are"developmental"，i．e．，they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday，often from genetic conditions，and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development，such as mobility，communication，employment，etc．Most other disabilities are considered"adventitious"，i．e．，accidental or caused by outside forces．
Prior to the 20th century，only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long．Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable．Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food，shelter，and medical treatment．Unfortunately，these basics are often not available．Civil liberties such as the right to vote，marry，get an education，and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability．
In recent decades，the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（違反，侵犯）of civil rights．Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes．
Still today，people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently．It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed，and a majority of those who do work are underemployed．About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level．
Significant barriers，especially in transportation and public awareness，prevent disabled people from taking part in society．For example，while no longer prohibited by law from marrying，a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships．
Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society．
1．A"developmental"disabilityB．
A．develops very slowly over time      
B．occurs in youth and affects development
C．is caused by forces                
D．is getting more and more severe
2．Most disabled people used to die early becauseB．
A．disabilities destroyed major bodily functions   
B．medical techniques were not available 
C．they were not very well looked after
D．they were too poor to get proper treatment
3．In the author's opinion，to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society，D．
A．more laws should be passed           
B．more public facilities should be set up
C．government should provide more aids   
D．public attitudes should be changed
4．Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage？B
A．Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life．
B．Discriminatory（帶歧視性的）laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others．
C．The public tends to look down upon the disabled people．
D．The disabled people feel inferior to（低于）those surrounding them．
5．The best title for this passage might beA．
A．Handicaps（障礙）of People with Disabilities
B．The physical difficulties of the Disabled
C．The Causes for Disabilities
D．Medical Treatments for Disabilities．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

10．An experimental treatment that causes AIDS patients to develop a dangerously high fever has shown promise as a way of prolonging and improving the patients'life．Called the Biologic-HT System，the new treatment lets doctors extract the blood of a patient and heat it before circulating it back into the body．The heated blood causes the patient's body temperature to rise above 42 degrees Celsius．In people with AIDS，that increase in temperature kills some heat-sensitive HIV，the virus，most doctors say，causes AIDS．
Heating the blood of AIDS patients has been tried before，say doctors．But during previous attempts，the treatment induced deadly chemical changes in the blood．The Biologic-HT System prevents those changes from happening，allowing the heat to kill viruses with few ill side effects．
The new heat treatment cannot be considered a cure for Aids，says president of the company that makes the system．He says the treatment doesn't kill all traces of the virus．However，it kills enough virus particles to give a patient's immune system a reprieve in its deadly duel with HIV．
Tests of the Biologic-HT treatment began on 36 patients earlier this year．The treatment takes about four hours，and the patient normally feels well enough to leave the hospital or clinic the following morning．
So far，the patients who have had the treatment say they feel better and have developed no new opportunistic infections-disease that strike people with damaged immune systems．The patients also have experienced about a 50 percent increase in the number of T cells in their bodies．T cells are key disease-fighting cells of the immune system and the main target of HIV．
36．This passage is mainly concerned withA．
A．a(chǎn) way for treating AIDS              
B．a(chǎn) heat-sensitive virus
C．the immune system of the human body
D．the function of high temperature
37．The blood of the patientD．
A．is heated with a single injection
B．is heated by being circulated at a higher rate
C．is taken out from the body and then circulated through a heating system．
D．is taken out from the body，heated outside and then put back into the body．
38．The previous attempts to use high temperature for treating AIDS failed because theyA．
A．caused chemical changes     B．could not kill HIV effectively
C．resulted in deaths          D．killed both HIV and healthy cells
39．According to the passage，the new treatment．B
A．can kill all the HIV viruses
B．cannot eliminate the viruses completely
C．can double the number of disease-fighting cells
D．can reconstruct the patient's immune system．
40．The result of the experiment seems to beC．
A．disappointing   B．incomplete   C．successful     D．surprising．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

17．In normal conditions，bread will go mouldy（霉）in around 10 days．But an American company says it has developed a technique that will keep the bread mould free for two months．
At the laboratory or Texas Tech University，chief executive Don Stull showed off the long，metallic microwave device．Originally designed to kill some bacteria，the researchers discovered it could kill the mould spores（霉孢）in bread in 10 seconds．"We treated a slice of bread in the device，we then checked the mould in the bread over time，"he explained．"And at 60 days it had the same mould content as it had when it came out．"
The machine uses much the same technology as found in commercial microwaves-but with some important differences，according to Mr．Stull．"We introduce the microwave frequencies in different ways，through a radiator．We don't get the hot and cold spots you get in your home microwave．"
The device has attracted plenty of bread manufacturers-but it is worried that it could push up costs in an industry．And there is also a concern that consumers might not take to bread that lasts for so long．
Mr．Stull acknowledges it might be difficult to convince some people of the benefits．"We'll have to get some consumer acceptance of that，"he said．"Most people do it by feel，and if you still have that quality feel，they will probably accept it．"
Mr．Stull believes that the technology could affect bread in other ways．He said that bread manufacturers added lots of additives（添加劑）to fight mould．As a result，they must add extra chemicals to mask the taste of them．If bakers were able to use the microwave technology，they would be able to avoid these additives．While a wholesale change in the bread industry might be difficult to achieve，there may be more potential with other foods．
71．The microwave device was originally designed toB．
A．make bread tasty            
B．kill some bacteria
C．kill the mould spores           
D．check mould in bread
72．What do the metallic device and commercial microwaves have in common？C
A．they both can kill mould spores
B．They both function through a radiator．
C．They both use microwave technology
D．They both can be used as a bread bakery．
73．According to Mr．Stull，the microwave technologyC．
A．may push up costs in the bread industry
B．will keep the bread more tasty after 60 days
C．can help bakers to avoid adding additives
D．might probably bring no benefits to consumers
74．What does the underlined word"them"refer to？B
A．Chemicals．B．Additives．C．Manufacturers．D．Foods．
75．It can be inferred from the text thatD．
A．bread made with the technology will have different taste
B．bread industry will pay no attention to the technology
C．the technology is as harmful as the additives
D．the technology is likely to be used more widely．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

7．Asian parents are spending billions of dollars on private tutors （家庭教師） for their children and the practice is growing despite doubts about its effectiveness，according to an Asian Development Bank study published Wednesday，AFP reported．
"Shadow education"is an expanding business not only in wealthy countries，but also in some of the region's poorer nations as parents try to give their children the best start in life，the study said．Nearly nine out of 10 South Korean elementary pupils receive private tutoring，while the figure for primary school children in India's West Bengal state stands at six out of 10．
he study estimated that the costs of private tutoring in South Korea were equivalent （相等的） to 80 percent of government spending on public education．Japan spent 12 billion on extra teaching in 2011，while the figure for Singapore stood at US$ 680 million in 2009．
Extra academic work aims to help slow learners and support high achievers．Many Asian parents view it as a constructive way for adolescents to spend their spare time．However，it can also reduce the students'time for sports and other activities important for their overall development as well as cause social tensions as richer families are able to pay for better-quality tutoring，the study said．
The study calls for a review of educational systems to make such extra teaching less attractive．
56．Why is"Shadow education"an expanding business？D
A．Because parents want to spend their money．
B．Because children don't want to go to school．
C．Because parents want their children to stay with teachers．
D．Because parents want to give their children the best start in life．
57．According to the article，what is the purpose of extra academic work？A
A．To aid slow learners and support high achievers．
B．To prepare children for all kinds of academic contests．
C．To increase children's hobbies and interests in many fields．
D．To gain the most knowledge that students can't get in class．
58．Which disadvantage of extra academic work is NOT mentioned？C
A．Causing social tensions．
B．Spending more extra money．
C．Lacking the chance to communicate with others．
D．Reducing the students'time for sports and other activities．
59．What is the text mainly about？D
A．The government policy on educational systems．
B．How to provide the best education for children．
C．The importance for children's overall development．
D．The reasons for the popularity of private tutors for children．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

14．Zoology（動(dòng)物學(xué)）is the part of science that deals with the study of the animals'growth，home and behavior．It has nothing to do with people，so many students are left wondering why they have to learn it．
   Our nature includes not just humans but plants and animals as well．Everything in our environment is connected in a complex cycle．If you have a better understanding of how animals would behave and work with us，then you would value nature better．
   Some animals are actually misunderstood by people like sharks and snakes．These creatures are thought of as human killers，and this is mainly because we don't understand why they behave that way．In zoology you would be able to learn natural behavior as well as their homes so you would completely understand why they would behave in a defensive（防御的） manner when they seem to be threatened．Studying zoology would help people achieve clearness over the common myths we have on different wild animals．
   Studying zoology would help people know the real facts about animals．One of the negative facts is the decreasing numbers of some species of animals．It makes people realize that there is a need for nature to be always balanced．We need animals to keep the balance in our environment and for humans to survive as well．It would help us learn the needs that animals lack and we can respond by thinking of solutions we can give to the endangered species of animals．
  Modern progress is needed for a country to grow in terms of its economy； however，it should not force us to destroy our rainforests and oceans．People should realize that our modern lives should include the lives of the animals that live with us．They should not be contained in zoos but in their natural homes as well．We will learn that every living creature on the earth has the right to own a home and we need to fight for them to have permanent（永久的） homes．

60．According to the text，nature should beB．
A．left alone                           B．treated seriously
C．taken for granted                    D．taken lightly
61．It is implied in Paragraph 4 that animals play a role ofD．
A．making our world beautiful           B．protecting species of plants
C．providing food for humans            D．keeping nature in balance
62．To animals，humans should act asA．
A．caretakers    B．killers      C．competitors          D．trainers
63．The best title for the passage may be"B"．
A．The Ways of Protecting Animals
B．The Importance of Studying Zoology
C．The Introduction to Zoology
D．The Advantages of Learning Zoology．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：填空題

11．I have learned toadaptto（適應(yīng)）my disability？

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：填空題

12．This kind of new medicine is useful for cancer； however，it is notaccessible（可行的）or most people．

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案