Question

 Freezing weather can mean frostbite and hypothermia (體溫過低) unless a person is prepared. The follow-ing is about how to stay warm,dry and safe.

Frostbite is damage that happens when skin is exposed to extreme cold for too long. It mainly happens on the hands,feet,nose and ears.

    People with minor cases of frostbite that affect only the skin may not suffer any permanent damage. But if deeper tissue is affected,a person is likely to feel pain every time the area gets cold.

    If blood vessels are damaged,people can suffer a gangrene   infection. Sometimes the only way doctors can treat an injury like this is to remove frostbitten areas like fingers and toes.

  Hypothermia is a condition that develops when the body cannot produce as much heat as it releases. Signs of hypothermia include uncontrollable shaking,very slow breathing and difficulty thinking clearly. Hypothermia can lead to death if the person does not receive help.

   To avoid cold-related injuries,here is a simple way to remember four basic steps to staying warm. Think of COLD— C. O. L. D.

   The C stands for cover. Wear a hat and a scarf to keep heat from escaping through the head,neck and ears. And wear mittens instead of gloves. In gloves,the fingers are separated,so the hands might not stay as warm as they would in mittens.

     The O stands for overexertion. Avoid activities that will make you sweaty. Wet clothes and cold weather are a dangerous combination.

     L is for layers. Wearing loose,lightweight clothes,one layer on top of another,is better than wearing a single heavy layer of clothing. Make sure outerwear is made of material that is water-resistant and tightly knit.

    D is for dry. In other words,stay as dry as possible. Pay attention to the places where snow can enter clothing. These include the tops of boots,the necks of coats and the wrist areas of mittens or gloves.

     And here are two other things to keep in mind—one for children and the other for adults. Eating snow might be fun but it lowers the body's temperature. And drinking alcohol might make a person feel warm. But what it really does is weaken the body's ability to hold heat.

41. Why does frostbite mainly happen on the hands,feet,nose and ears,according to the passage?

   A. Because these parts cannot produce as much heat as they release.

   B. Because these parts often uncontrollably shake.

   C. Because these parts are usually wet.

   D. Because the skin of these parts is sometimes exposed to extreme cold for too long.

42. Which of following would be the best title of the passage?

   A. How to Stay Warm,Dry and Safe

   B. What Is Frostbite

   C. What Is Hypothermia

   D. Think of COLD— C.O .L.D.

43. What does the underlined word “mittens” in Paragraph 7 mean in this passage?

   A. They are gloves where the fingers are separated.

   B. They are gloves where the fingers are not separated.

   C. They are gloves which are thicker and warmer than ordinary ones.

   D. They are gloves in which one layer is on top of another.

44. Which of the following is NOT a good way to keep warm in freezing weather?

   A. To wear a hat and a scarf.

   B. To wear mittens.

   C. To wear loose,lightweight clothes,one layer on top of another.

   D. To drink alcohol.

45. Eating snow is not what children should do in freezing weather because .

   A. eating snow may make you frostbitten

   B. eating snow may make your clothes wet

   C. eating snow may lead to death if the person does not receive help

   D. eating snow may lower the body's temperature

Answer 1

41. D 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. D

41. D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章的第二段 可以看出，凍傷之所以主要發(fā)生在手、腳、 耳、鼻等部位，是因?yàn)檫@些部位的皮膚暴露 在極冷的天氣中的時(shí)間太長。故選D.

42. A解析：主旨大意題.，文章的第一段明 確T全文的主旨大意，就是about how to stay warm,dry and safe。故選 A.其他各 選項(xiàng)都是文章各部分的內(nèi)容，不能概括 主旨。

43. B解析：詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在的段 落中，把mittens與gloves進(jìn)行對比。之所 以建議戴mittens而不建議戴gloves,是因 為在gloves中，手指是分散的，不夠保暖。 由此判斷，在mittens中，手指是并攏的。 故選B.

44. D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章的最后一段 提到喝酒可能會使人感覺溫暖，但是它減 弱人體的保暖能力，所以不是極寒天氣保 暖的方法。而其他三項(xiàng)都是好的御寒方 法。故選D.

45. D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章的最后一段 提到盡管吃雪給孩子帶來快樂，但是它會 降低體溫。故選D.