科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受訪者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (預防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
T Pessimism gurantees chances of survival.he authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.
67. According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A. Optimistic adults.
B. Middle-aged adults.
C. Adults in poor health.
D. Adults of lower income.
68. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.
A. to fully enjoy their present life
B. to estimate their contribution accurately
C. to take measures against potential risks
D. to value health more highly than wealth
69. How do people of higher income see their future?
A. They will earn less money.
B. They will become pessimistic.
C. They will suffer mental illness.
D. They will have less time to enjoy life.
70. What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B. Good financial condition leads to good health.
C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年河南義馬高中高二上期第一次月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：單項填空
If you are able to talk to a friend over the telephone, you feel that you are close ______ the actual distance is not shortened.
A. even if B. so long as C. if D. as
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年福建廈門高三3月質量檢查英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
FDA proposed the most sweeping food safety rules in decades, requiring farmers and food companies to be more cautious in the wake of deadly outbreaks in peanuts, cantaloupe (瓜），and leafy greens.
The long-overdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodbome illness. Just since last summer, outbreaks of listeria (李氏桿菌）in cheese and salmonella(沙門氏菌）in peanut butter, cantaloupe and mangoes have been linked to more than 400 illnesses and as many as seven deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control. The actual number of those sickened is likely much higher.
The FDA’s proposed rules would require farmers to take new precautions against contamination (污染）,to include making sure workers5 hands are washed, irrigation (灌溉） water is clean, and that animals stay out of fields. Food manufacturers will have to submit food safety plans to the government to show they are keeping their operations clean.
Many responsible food companies and farmers are already following the steps that the FDA would now require them to take. But officials say the requirements could have saved lives and prevented illnesses in some of the large-scale outbreaks that have hit the country in recent years.
In a 2011 outbreak of listeria in cantaloupe that claimed 33 lives ，for example, FDA inspectors found pools of dirty water on the floor and old, dirty processing equipment at the Colorado farm where the cantaloupes were grown. In a peanut butter outbreak this year linked to 42 salmonella illnesses ，inspectors found samples of salmonella throughout a New Mexico peanut processing plant and multiple obvious safety problems ，such as birds flying over uncovered trucks of peanuts and employees not washing their hands.
Under the new rules, companies would have to lay out plans for preventing those sorts of problems and how they would correct them.
“The rules go very directly to preventing the types of outbreaks we have seen/，said Michael Taylor, FDA’s deputy commissioner for foods.
1.The main task of FDA is probably______
A. to protect and promote the public health
B. to help those sickened recover
C. to research on food safety measures
D. to deal with water pollution
2.According to the passage, the new rules focus on_____.
A. inspecting the whole process of food production
B. improving food processing equipment on farms
C. preventing water pollution in food production
D. urging food companies to lay out plans
3.What does the word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Inspectors. B. Farmers
C. Manufacturers. D. Workers.
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The new regulations should have come into practice earlier.
B. The 2011 outbreak of listeria is the most serious ever.
C. Farmers and food companies are strongly against the new rules.
D. Colorado and New Mexico are worst hit by food pollution.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012屆福建省第一學期高二期末英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解
AIDS’ Threat to Asia Grows
NEW DELHI----Just a few years ago, Mala was a typical middle-class Indian housewife. She cooked, cleaned and looked after her two small children.
Last year, her life took a tragic turn. Her husband died of AIDS; she was found out HIV-positive and her mother-in-law took her children away from her, saying they would get the disease. “When friends dropped for a visit, she would introduce me, saying, ‘She is my son’s widow. She has AIDS,’” said Mala. AIDS is now described as “explosive(炸藥)” around the world. A study of a hospital in the port city of Durban in South Africa, where the world’s biggest and Africa’s second AIDS conference opened last Sunday, found that almost half the beds in medical wards (病房) were occupied by AIDS patients.
South Africa has one of the world’s fastest growing HIV infections, with 1,700 people infected daily, adding to the 4.3 million, or 10 percent of its population, living with HIV. Until now, Asia has been more successful in holding the AIDS virus than Africa, where the disease has killed about 12 million people.
AIDS is now threatening to surround many of Asia’s poverty-stricken countries. Countries in Asia, such as Cambodia, and Thailand, have HIV infection speeds over 1 percent. But the low speeds hide huge numbers of infected people, because of the population base.
In India, for example, 3.7 million are infected, more than in any other country except South Africa. In China, an estimated 860,000 people (the actual number may be a little larger), mainly drug users, live with HIV/AIDS. Gordon Alexander, a senior advisor for UN AIDS in India, estimates that the number hit by AIDS in Asia will climb about eight million over the next five years from about six million.
In many Asian countries, the battle against HIV is a social and cultural one against public discussion of sexual health put a nationwide media campaign into action to limit the speed of HIV through unsafe sex. Brenton Wong, an official for Singapore’s Action for AIDS, says the actual HIV incidence in the city state of 3.9 million people is at least eight times higher than official data. “Shame and deny is still very, very common so people are afraid to get tested and many times won’t even tell their families if they test positive,” said Wong.
1. We can conclude from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph that ______.
A. The official data always tell lies and cheat people to hide the truth.
B. 3.9 million people in Singapore suffered from AIDS.
C. Singapore has a population of 3.9 million
D. The number of people infected with HIV is at least eight times larger than that of the AIDS patients in Singapore.
2. It is judged that there are ______ people hit by AIDS in Asia or so.
A. 4.3 million B. 6 million C. 8 million D. 3.7 million
3. According to the passage, the main reasons that AIDS spread in Asia is through_______.
A. blood B. unsafe sex C. love D. drugs
4.Which of the following statements is not right?
A. The battle against Aids in many Asian countries is against their culture and
social customs.
B. Though the HIV infection in Asia develops with low speed, the infected number
is still quite large compared to other continents.
C. India has the second largest number of HIV infected people.
D. Aids might affect the poverty-stricken countries more severely.
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科目：高中英語 來源：09-10年福建省高二上學期期末考試 題型：閱讀理解
Children are keen Internet shoppers with more than half having bought something online, research has shown.
Around 53 percent of children aged between 7 and 16 said they had bought something over the Internet, 10 percent more than in 2004, according to Halifax.
Boys were more likely to be Internet shoppers than girls, with 60 percent of boys saying they had bought items online, compared with just 46 percent of girls.
Unsurprisingly, older children were more likely to use the Internet to shop than younger ones, with nearly three quarters of 12-16-year olds shopping online, compared to just 29 percent of 7-to-11-year olds who said they had bought something.
More than half of children preferred buying things over the Internet to buying them on the high street, while 61 percent of those who had bought things online said it was easier to buy certain items over the Internet than in shops.
However, boys were more likely to always prefer buying things online, while girls were more likely to still like the actual high street shopping experience.
The most common items for young people to buy over the Internet were CDs, tapes and computer games and equipment. Some children had bought DVDs and videos, while some had bought gifts.
Children spent most money on computer games and equipment, with 13 percent saying they spent more than $20 online on these items a year, followed by 12 percent who spent more than $20 a year on mobile phones and 11 percent who spent the same amounts on clothes.
Cheryl Millington, head of savings at Halifax, said, “ We are not only seeing the emergence of a generation of young consumers, but also keen cyber-consumers. While children often lead the way in Internet use within the family home, parents have an important role to play in ensuring they stay safe while online.”
73. From the passage, which of the following is NOT correct?
A. Children are keen on internet shopping
B. Boys are more likely to buy things over the Internet than girls
C. Older children want to buy things in actual streets
D. Children like to buy some fashionable items over the Internet
74. We can infer from the last paragraph that ________
A. Cheryl Millington is against children’s online shopping
B. parents should play an active role in ensuring their children’s safety
C. Cheryl Millington holds a conservative (保守的) view about children’s online shopping
D. children will become the main composition of online shopping
75. Which of the following can best show the organization of the text?
a. the number of children’s online shopping b. items bought over the Internet
c. money spent on online shopping d. safety problems
A. a, b, c, d B. a, d, c, b C. a, c, d, b D. d, a, c, b
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