10．
A．investmentsB．enoughC．unconditionalD．degreeE．loyalty 
F．backG．relevantH．doublyI．commitmentJ．promoted         K．demonstrate
Although many companies offer tuition repayment，most companies only repay employees for classes that are（41）Gto their position．This is a very limiting policy．A company that repays employees for all college credit courses-whether job related or not-offers a service not only to the employees，but to the entire company．
One good reason for giving employees （42）Ctuition repayment is that it shows the company's commitment to its employees．In today's economy，where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable，it is important for a company to（43）Kto its employees that it cares．The best way to do this is with concrete（44）Ain them．In turn，this commitment to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee （45）E．A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money （46）Fby having employees stay with the company longer．It will reduce employee turnover，because even employees who don't take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company just knowing that their company cares （47）Bto pay for their education．Most importantly，the company that has an unrestricted tuition repayment program will have higher quality employees．Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their （48）D，more often than not，the employee will stay with the company．
And even if employees do leave after graduation，it generally takes several years to complete any degree program．Thus，even if the employee leaves upon graduating，throughout those years，the employer will have a more sophisticated，more intelligent，and therefore more valuable and productive employee．And，if the employee stays，that education will（49）Hbenefit the company：Not only is the employee more educated，but now that employee can be （50）Jso the company doesn't have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside．Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well．Though unconditional tuition repayment requires a significant investment on the employer's part，it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make．

分析 大多數(shù)公司只返還與員工職位相關(guān)的課程學(xué)費(fèi)，但也有公司無條件償還費(fèi)用，如果員工們可以留下，這種教育投資就會雙方面地造福公司：不僅僅員工們自己可以獲得更好教育，另外，受過教育的員工可以提拔為高層，這樣就不用再從公司外部尋找高層人選．

解答 41．G 考查形容詞詞義辨析，relevant相關(guān)的，盡管許多公司都提供學(xué)費(fèi)返還，大多數(shù)公司只返還與員工職位相關(guān)的課程．
42．C 考查形容詞詞義辨析，一個很好的原因是無條件償還費(fèi)用能夠展示公司對員工的承諾．所以填unconditional，無條件的．
43．K 考查動詞詞義辨析，展示他的員工所關(guān)心的事對于一個公司來說是很重要的．demonstrate展示，演示 
44．A  考查名詞詞義辨析，investment投資，句意：做此事最好的方法就是在員工他們身上具體的去進(jìn)行投資
45．E 考查名詞詞義辨析，如今公司的委員會對雇員越好，將會造就雇員們對公司的忠實(shí)，所以填loyalty忠誠． 
46．F  考查副詞詞義辨析，公司支付其雇員的教育費(fèi)用將會使雇員呆在公司更長的時間．為公司服務(wù)，以取得更大的收益，最大程度返回投資，to have stayed是使…呆的意思，get back是返回的意思．
47．B   考查形容詞詞義辨析，知道公司足夠的關(guān)心他們，所以雇員們會對公司更忠實(shí)．
48．D   考查名詞詞義辨析，雖然這些公司確實(shí)在員工身上冒著賠錢的風(fēng)險，他們一旦拿到學(xué)位就會跳槽．
49．H  考查副詞詞義辨析，另外，如果員工們可以留下，這種教育投資就會雙方面地造福公司．從后文可以看出，后免提到兩個優(yōu)勢，所以選doubly（雙面地），
50．J  考查動詞詞義辨析，不僅僅員工們自己可以獲得更好教育，另外，受過教育的員工可以提拔為高層，這樣就不用再從公司外部尋找高層人選，選promoted被提拔

點(diǎn)評 缺詞填空，解題時要抓住文章的脈絡(luò)，一定要讀懂全文，弄清文章要表達(dá)的思想，注意前后句之間的關(guān)系．答題中，一定要認(rèn)真分析，注意詞性，句型的分析，答完后再通讀一遍文章，看看所填單詞是不是語句通順，語意連貫．

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學(xué)年河南省漯河市高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

On May 23, 1989, Stefania Follini came out from a cave at Carlsbad, New Mexico. She hadn’t seen the sun for eighteen and a half weeks. Stefania was in a research program, and the scientists in the program were studying body rhythms. In this experiment Stefania had spent 130days in a cave, 30 feet in depth.

During her time in the cave, Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice. Her living place had been very comfortable, but there had been nothing to tell her the time. She’d had no clocks or watches, no television or radio. There had been no natural light and the temperature had always been kept at 21℃.

The results were very interesting. Stefania had been in the cave for over four months, but she thought she had been there for only two. Her body clock had changed. She hadn’t kept to a 24-hour day, she had stayed awake for 20～25 hours and then had slept for 10 hours. She had eaten fewer meals and had lost 171bs in weight as a result! She had also become rather depressed.

How had she spent her time in the cave? As part of the experiment she’d done some physical and mental tests. She’d recorded her daily activities and the results of the tests on a computer. This computer had been specially programmed for the project. Whenever she was free, she’d played cards, read books and listened to music. She’d also learned French from tapes.

The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. For example， the pattern of day and night makes us wake up and go to sleep. However, people are affected in different ways. Some people wake up naturally at 5:00 a.m., but others don’t start to wake up till 9:00 or 10:00 a.m. This affects the whole daily rhythm. As a result the early risers are at their best in the late morning. The late risers, on the other hand, are tired during the day and only come to life in the afternoon or evening!

1.Stefania stayed in the cave for a long time because ________.

A. she was asked to do research on mice

B. she wanted to experience loneliness

C. she was the subject of a study

D. she needed to record her life

2.What is a cause for the change of Stefania’s body clock?

A. Eating fewer meals. B. Having more hours of sheep.

C. Lacking physical exercise. D. Getting no natural light.

3.This passage mainly tells about ________.

A. an experiment and its result B. a woman living in the cave

C. a depressed woman D. a woman and two mice

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

1．Most evenings，before watching late-night comedy or reading emails on his phone，Matt Nicoletti puts on a pair of orange-colored glasses that he bought for S8on the Internet．
"My girlfriend thinks I look ridiculous in them，"he said．But Mr．Nicoletti，a 30-year-old consultant in Denver，insists that the glasses，which can block certain wavelengths of light emitted by electronic screens，make it easier to sleep．
Studies have shown that such light，especially from the blue part of the spectrum （光譜），inhibits the body's production of melatonin（褪黑激素），which helps people fall asleep．Options arc growing for blocking blue light，though experts caution that few have been adequately tested for effectiveness and the best solution remains avoiding brightly lit electronics at night．
A Swiss study of 13teenage boys，published in August in The Journal of Adolescent Health．showed that when the boys wore orange-colored glasses，also known as'blue blockers'and shown to prevent melatonin，in the evening for a week，they felt"significantly more sleepy"than when they wore clear glasses．The boys looked at their screens，as teenagers tend to do，for at least a few hours on average before going to bed，and were monitored in the lab．
Older adults may be less affected by blue light，experts say，but blue light remains a problem for most people，and an earlier study of 20adults aged 18to 68found that those who wore orange-colored glasses for three hours before bed improved their sleep quality considerably relative to a control group that wore yellow-colored lenses，which blocked only ultraviolet（紫外線）light．
LEDs used in devices such as smart phones，tablets and televisions tend to emit more blue light than incandescent products（白熾產(chǎn)品）．LEDs are also increasingly popular as room lights，but"warm white"bulbs，with less blue，tend to be a better choice than"cool white"for nighttime use．The lighting company Philips also makes a reduced-blue LED bulb，meant to be used妙fore bedtime．"In theory，anything that will decrease that blue light exposure at night will be helpful．"said Christopher Colwell，a scientist at the UCLA，"I know some gainers who swear by those orange-colored glasses．"
But orange glasses are not a panacea（萬能藥）．Dr．Skene said．"It isn't just getting rid of the blue and everything's fine，"she said．The intensity of light，in addition to color，can affect sleep，she said，and not all brands of orange-colored glasses have undergone enough independent testing for their ability to aid sleep．
During the daytime，experts say，exposure to blue light is good．Best of all is sunlight，which contains many different wavelengths of light．"That's what our brain knows，"said Kenneth P．Wright Jr．，director of the sleep and chronobiology（生物鐘學(xué)）lab at the University of Colorado，Boulder．
A 2013study he led，published in the journal Current Biology，showed just how different things can be without nighttime lights．After participants had camped in the mountains for a week，their bodies began to prepare for sleep about two hours earlier than normal．
Short of cutting out all evening electronics，experts say，it's advisable to use a small screen rather than a large one； dim the screen and keep it as far away from the eyes as possible； and reduce the amount of time spent reading the device．
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63．What does the underlined word"inhibit"in Paragraph 3probably mean？A
A．prevent          B．promote          C．project           D．process
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A．The older a person is，the less he or she will be affected by blue light．
B．The exposure to the blue light does nothing but harm to the human body．
C．Traditional lighting companies are facing a dead end due to backward technology．
D．All brands of orange-colored glasses are not reliable for their ability to aid sleep．
65．What are the contributing factors of a better night's sleep？D
①Limited screen time before bed．
②A pair of color glasses．
③A small-sized screen of electronics．
④A place without nighttime lights．
⑤Devices with LED backlighting．
A．①②③B．③④⑤C．②③⑤D．①③④
66．The purpose of this article is toC．
A．a(chǎn)dvertise a brand of orange-colored glasses which can block blue light
B．question the effectiveness of orange-colored glasses on the market
C．introduce a kind of orange glasses that may help people sleep better
D．teach readers about the most effective ways to have a better sleep．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

18．Step into an American preschool classroom today and you are likely to fall into a so-called print-rich environment，every surface colorfully decorated with instructional posters，classroom  rules，chedules，and  mottos，few of which a 4-year-old can understand in fact．
Besides the confusing things on classroom walls，teaching methods and curriculums have changed recently，by which more time is spent on what's called"seat work"一workbooks and worksheets-but less time devoted to music and art．School-readiness skills are essential for the youngest learners to move on to a subsequent stage．As a result，expectations that may arguably have been reasonable for 5-and 6-year-olds，such as bemg able to sit at a desk and using pencil and paper，are now directed at even younger children，who lack the motor skills and attention span to be successful．
However，parents of preschoolers tend to be on board with these changes，because they fear that the old-fashioned pleasures of unhurried learning have no place in today's highly competitive world．The stress is obvious：Pick the"wrong"preschool and your child might not go to college．She might not be employable．She might not even be allowed to start first grade!
As preschoolers are learning so much academic knowledge at earlier ages，they seem somehow less curious and less engaged．Some teachers say that more children today seem to lack the language skills．The real focus in the preschool years should not be just on vocabularv and reading，but on talking and listening．By talking with adults，and one another，they pick up information，learn how things work and solve puzzles that trouble them．For our littlest learners，what could be more important than that？

25．Which of the statements does the author probably agree with？B
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B．3-and 4-year-olds shouldn't be expected too much in school readiness skills．
C．More time should be spent on"seat work''instead of music and art．
D．Even 5-and 6-year-olds have good motor skills and attention span．
26．The underlined phrase"be on board with"in the third paragraph most probably means"A"．
A．a(chǎn)ccept    
B．reject    
C．doubt    
D．worry
27．Why are parents so picky when choosing a preschool for their kids？B
A．Because some preschools are too old fashioned．
B．Because a wrong preschool might ruin kids'future．
C．Because the competitions between kindergartens are fierce．
D．Because it is easy for them to choose a right preschool．
28．What's the best title of the passage？D
A．New Preschool Breaking down the Kids．
B．The Early Bird Gets the Worm．
C．Preschool，the Gatekeeper to Elementary School？
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

5．Not all great meals come from restaurants．Some are served from carts and stalls，and eaten on the go．So-called street food is not only delicious，but can be found in nearly every country，rich or poor，says Carla Diamanti，co-author of Street Food：Authentic Snacks from Around the World．"It's a way to get to know the people and the flavor of a place，"says the Italian writer，who has nibbled her way around the globe．She shares some favorite snacks and snacking places with us．
Naples，Italy
Pizza：Pizza may be the closest thing to a global food，but Diamanti says there's nothing like the way it's prepared in Naples．The dish is often ordered from a window counter and quickly baked for customers．If you're eating it on the go，you fold it up for pizza al portafoglio，literally wallet style．"Our pizza is quick and simple，"she says．www．inaples．it
New York
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Japan
Bento boxes：Diamanti says the best time and place to eat this portable Japanese meal is under a blooming cherry tree in the spring．Bento boxes are filled with different dishes：often fish，meat，pickled vegetables，rice or tofu．"It's really just a taste，"she says．While the containers are often elaborate wooden serving trays，they can be also cardboard boxes ordered to go.212-757-5640； www．jnto．go．jp
Jamaa el Fna Square，Marrakech，Morocco
Food stalls：When the sun begins to set，this central square comes to life as crowds gather to sing，dance and eat．Hundreds of stalls serve grilled meat，chicken and rice．"There is plenty of smoke with hundreds of people cooking at the same time，"Diamanti says.212-221-1 583； www．visitmorocco．com/index．php/eng/

21．It can be learned from the text that Carla DiamantiB．
A．doesn't like street food．
B．has traveled a lot．
C．has set up the website www．inaples．it．
D．likes the pizza most．
22．What is special about the pizza in Naples，Italy？D
A．its attractive taste．   B．its low price．
C．its unique ingredients． D．the way it's prepared．
23．For those who want to eat under blooming cherry trees in the spring，they'd better go toC．
A．Naples，Italy   B．New York   C．Japan   D．Morocco．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

15．Is growth good for biodiversity（生物多樣性）？To answer the question，it is critical to define what we mean by growth．Is growth gross domestic product （GDP），the"monetary value of all the finished goods within a country's borders"？Or does it mean improving the human standard of living？Today，when people say growth，they mean GDP，a measure that is over 70years old．Actually GDP demonstrates negative implications for biodiversity，as this"growth"measures only money inflows while far more important is the balance sheet，which shows properties and debts．As biodiversity delivers no cash，it has no place in GDP system，but biodiversity provides the asset side of the balance sheet，such as forests，rivers，wetlands and animals-the list goes on．
It is argued that growth is good for biodiversity in the long run as there is an environmental Kuznets curve where environmental conditions get worse in the early stages of modern economic growth，but improve once a growth level has been reached．According to some people，once GDP has been high，more resources are to invest in conservation，and new technologies are used to protect the nature．They said people would have more interest in protecting the environment，and some of the forests started to return and many pollutants were almost eliminated．Standing in America today it might appear that the environmental Kuznets curve works．
At first sight there appears to be a logic．Today the US GDP is increasing while many precious species populations are also recovering？Such conditions，according to some people，can be explained by greater efficiency in cars or more efficient agricultural production．But in fact，the majority of the negative impacts have simply been exported．The high-polluting industries have been outsourced to developing nations．Therefore the bitterest punishments are largely felt beyond the borders while we Americans are enjoying high GDP and selfish biodiversity at the same time．This can be seen in the WWF annual Report，where species population trends are increasing by 7% in high-income countries and declining in middle-and low-income countries by 31% and 60% respectively．

It is self-evident that growth，as currently defined，has a major negative impact upon biodiversity．What needs to change is the definition of growth from a GDP-essential concept to a balance-sheet approach．Organisations and world community should work on creating new vision or reform that will help ensure a real balance between an improving standard of human life and a thriving biodiverse landscape．

74．According to the passage，the author's opinion toward GDP is that GDPB．
A．has nothing to do with biodiversity as it serves as an economic ruler
B．shouldn't have ignored biodiversity as it does good to balance sheet
C．is out-dated as it leaves out productions outside a country's borders
D．is a useful economic indicator as it honestly follows the Kuznets curve
75．The environmental Kuznets curve is seemingly working becauseD．
A．when US economy is strong，people have more interest in environment protection
B．high GDP helps to introduce high technology for environment protection
C．great fuel efficiency in cars and agriculture helps to protect environment
D．the US makes other weak nations take the harmful consequences
76．The author's main opinion about growth-biodiversity is thatB．
A．there's no clear relationship between growth and biodiversity
B．growth harms biodiversity with today's GDP-centred system
C．biodiversity condition agrees with a country's economic growth
D．the author is not sure about the exact influence of growth on biodiversity
77．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？B
A．GDP focuses on balance sheet rather than monetary increase．
B．Within borders，America is enjoying a better biodiversity right now．
C．Many low-income nations are having a higher GDP growth than the U．S．
D．Creative ways have been found to balance life standard and biodiversity．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

2．Every year some 15，000 animals-mostly mice-are shipped into the UK for research．Some leading scientists are warning that pressure from animal rights activists is reducing the number of animals being brought into Britain for research．All ferry companies and all but two airlines have stopped importing animals intended for research laboratories．
Lord Drayson，who was a minister under the last Labour government，said animal research was"regrettably"necessary and that people would"suffer and die"without it．"If we do want to have access to medicines，and I believe that we do-in a survey carried out in the past 10 years more than 87% of the general public have said that they support animal research for medical uses．And so unfortunately we do have to do this．"
However，Alistair Currie from People，for the Ethical Treatment of Animals （PETA） said researchers should work harder to come up with alternatives to animal testing．"More man 90% of drugs that pass trials in animals fail when they're given to people，"he said．They either prove to be unsafe or simply ineffective．"
The BBC's Tom Fielden says animal rights campaigners have been imprisoned for taking direct action against laboratories in the past and more recently have focused on creating bad PR （public relations）．He says this has included letter-writhing and web-based campaigns against transport companies，which appear to have had an effect．
But the scientists who depend on the animals for their work have now decided to speak out to try to persuade the government and the transpon companies to stand up to the campaigners．Professor Robin Lovell-Badge，a geneticist at me National Institute for Medical Research （NIMR），told the BBC it was important that scientists were able to import animals，so they could work together with colleagues abroad．Dominic Wells of the Royal Veterinary College （RVC） said，"The problem is that they can't be put in a suitable transport．"
63．Now animal rights campaigners are trying to affect importing animals byD．
    A．finding alternatives to animal testing    B．creating bad public relations
    C．taking direct action against labs         D．stopping transport animals to UK
64．According to Lord Drayson，importing animals isA
    A．optional                             B．necessary                     
    C．unreasonable                         D．unconditional
65．Who is against importing animals for research？B
    A．Alistair Currie form PETA．       B．Tom Fielden from the BBC．
    C．Robin Lovell-Badge from the NIMR． D．Dominic Wells from the RVC．
66．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？A
    A．Activists stopping direct action against imports
    B．Importing animals contributing to medicine
    C．Activists'pressure slowing animal imports
    D．No animal imports，no medical research．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：完形填空

19．In business，there is a speed difference：It's the difference between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy （策略） and how fast the company actually moves．The difference is important （50）B industry and company size．Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the（51）CIn our study of 343businesses，the companies that chose to go，go，go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating income than those that （52）Aat key moments to make sure they were on the right （53）B．What's more，the firms that"slowed down to （54）D"improved their top and bottom lines，averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating income over a three-year period．How did they （55）C the laws of business，taking more time than competitors yet performing better？They thought（56）Dabout what"slower"and"faster"mean．Firms sometimes  （57）A to understand the difference between operation speed （moving quickly）and strategic speed （reducing the time it takes to deliver value）．Simply increasing the speed of production，for example，may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference．But that often leads to reduced value over time，in the form of lower-quality products and services．In our study，higher performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when it is （58）B．They became more （59）C to idea and discussion．They encouraged new ways of thinking．And they allowed time to look and learn．（60）B，performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time，paid too much attention to improving （61）C，stuck to tested methods，didn't develop team spirit among their employees，and had little time thinking about （62）DStrategic speed （63）A a kind of leadership．Teams that （64）D take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals．That kind of strategy must come from the top．

50．A．a(chǎn)ccording toB．regardless ofC．due toD．instead of
51．A．profitB．productC．speedD．method
52．A．pausedB．developedC．perseveredD．engaged
53．A．situationB．trackC．occasionD．duty
54．A．look onB．keep upC．hold backD．speed up
55．A．learnB．discoverC．disobeyD．prefer
56．A．strangelyB．a(chǎn)bstractlyC．entirelyD．differently
57．A．faitB．a(chǎn)ttemptC．pretendD．desire
58．A．convenientB．necessaryC．emergentD．incredible
59．A．a(chǎn)lertB．restlessC．openD．specific
60．A．In shortB．By contrastC．Above allD．All in all
61．A，welfareB．technologyC．efficiencyD．condition
62．A．qualitiesB．standardsC．competitorsD．changes
63．A．serves asB，stands forC．refers toD．deals with
64．A．temporarilyB．extensivelyC．naturallyD．regularly．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

20．Welcome to Financial Aid Need Estimator!This free service can help you plan more effectively to meet college costs．The Financial Aid Need Estimator allows you to figure out your family costs at specific intitutions by taking you through two steps．
Step 1：during the first step，the Financial Aid Need Estimator will help you estimate how much you and your family will be expected to pay．
Step 2：Using the second step，you may estimate the costs of attending specific institution．Your results will show your results will show your eligibility（合格） for financial aid based on both your expected family costs and the costs of attending the institution you selected．By selecting another institution，you may repeat these calculations for as many institutions as you wish without entering your personal information．
The Financial Aid Need Estimator does not ask you to identify yourself and will not keep your personal information．
Because  international students are not eligible for federal need-based financial aid program results from the Financial Aid Need Estimator will apply only to students who are the U citizens．
41．The result of calculation you get from the Financial Aid Need Estimator will．D
A．help you get the financial aid
B．provide database for official results
C．help you meet your college costs
D．show your eligibility for financial aid
42．The Financial Aid Need Estimator is reliable because．B
A．it is controlled by government
B．it uses the same formula as the government's official results
C．it can make sure of its accuracy
D．it provides good services free of charge
43．Who will be most interested in the passage？A
A．The Us students who want to apply for financial aid．
B．The international students who have financial difficulty．
C．The US students who want to go to college．
D．The international students who want further study．
44．The Financial Aid Need Estimator may mainly consider．C
A．the college you want to go to
B．the accuracy of the information you provide
C．family costs and college costs
D．the application for financial aid
45．The purpose of writing this passage is probably to．C
A．tell the possible ways to get financial aid
B．tell who will the eligible for financial aid
C．introduce the financial Aid Need Estimator
D．introduce the financial aid to college students．

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