Question

    閱讀下面的短文并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題（請(qǐng)注意問題后的字?jǐn)?shù)要求）

    Reading to oneself is modem activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history，while during the fifteenth century the term“reading”undoubtedly meant reading aloud．Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become popular．

One should be careful，however，of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction to others．Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character．

The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers．As readers increased，the number of listeners dropped，and thus there Was some reduction in the need to read aloud．As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common，so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries，trains and offices，where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way．

    Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be

used for information or treated respectfully，and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers Was in some way mentally weakening．Indeed this argument remains with us still in education．However，whatever its advantages，the old shared literacy culture had gone and Was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership                        ．

      By the end of the century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper，if not impossible，for the oral reader．The social，cultural，and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term“reading”referred to．

  （304 words）

第Ⅱ卷（共45分）

76．What is the writer of this passage attempting to do? （Please answer within 10 words．）

                                                                               

77．Find out the sentence in the passage which can replace the following one．

  It shouldn’t be generally considered that it was the disturbance to others that led to the popularity of silent reading.

                                                                               

78．Please translate the underlined sentence in the passage into Chinese．

                                                                              

79．Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases．（Please answer within 10 words．）

                                                                              

80．What did the development of silent reading during the nineteenth century show? （Please answer within 10 words．）

                                                                               

Answer 1

76．答案：To explain how present reading habits developed．

77．答案：One should be careful，however，of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction to others．

78．答案：人們對(duì)于默讀的歷史發(fā)展相關(guān)的原因進(jìn)行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)默讀之所以成為大多數(shù)成年人通常采用的模式，主要是因?yàn)殚喿x任務(wù)本身的特征發(fā)生了變化。

79．答案：on the other／on the other hand

80．答案：It showed a change in the nature of reading．One possible version：