【題目】Directions: Fill in each blank with proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Unique Joy of Learning New Words

With all that’s happening in the news, life can feel like an exercise in determining the particular kind of bad we are experiencing the. Are we anxious or depressed? Lonely, or stressed?

Tim Lomas, a senior lecturer in positive psychology at the University of East London, is engaged in the opposite endeavor, 【1】 all the types of well-being that he can find. Specifically, Lomas is seeking to 【2】 psychological insight by collecting untranslatable words that describe pleasurable feelings we don’t have a 【3】 for in English. “It’s almost like each one is a window onto a new landscape,” Lomas says. So far, with the help of many contributors, he has amassed nearly 1000 in what he calls a “positive lexicography” --- including the Dutch pretoogies, which refers to the twinkling eyes of someone engaged in benign mischief; The Arabic tarab, a word for musically induced ecstasy; And the Creole tabanca, which describes the 【4】 feeling of being left by someone you love.

People are fascinated with untranslatable words in part because they are useful: How else could we talk to each other about the 【5】 pleasure of schadenfreude? But Lomas also see them as a means of showing us “new possibilities for ways of living,” describing them as invitations for people to experience happy phenomena that may previously have had been “hidden from them” or to revel in feelings they couldn’t previously 【6】. Consider the Japanese ohanami, a word for gathering with others to appreciate lowers.

Linguists have long argued about how much the language we speak --- partly 【7】 by factors like geography and climate --- limits the thoughts we are capable of having or the actions we can take. The words in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels 【8】,” wrote the theorist Edward Sapir.

Perusing（研讀）the words in Lomas’ collection, at the least, is a means of meditating on ways that we can feel good. When asked for one of his favorites, the psychologist lists the German Fernweh, which describes a 【9】 to travel to distant lands, a kind of homesickness for the unexplored. Also delightful is the Danish morgenfrisk, describing the satisfaction one gets from a good night’s sleep, and the Latin otium, 【10】 the joy of being in control of one’s own time.

【答案】

【1】ABC

【2】AB

【3】A

【4】B

【5】C

【6】D

【7】CD

【8】AD

【9】AC

【10】BC

【解析】

本文是說明文。文章介紹了學(xué)習(xí)新單詞的獨(dú)特樂趣。

【1】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：東倫敦大學(xué)(University of East London)積極心理學(xué)高級講師蒂姆·洛馬斯(Tim Lomas)則從事相反的工作，他分析了他能找到的所有類型的幸福感。根據(jù)句意可推出是analyze“分析”，此處與主語是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞。故選ABC。

【2】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：具體地說，洛馬斯試圖通過收集那些描述快樂感受的不可翻譯的英語詞語來揭示心理學(xué)上的洞察力。根據(jù)句意可推出是uncover“發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭開；揭露”。故選AB。

【3】考查名詞。句意：具體地說，洛馬斯試圖通過收集那些描述快樂感受的不可翻譯的英語詞語來揭示心理學(xué)上的洞察力。根據(jù)句意可推出是term“術(shù)語，詞語”。故選A。

【4】考查形容詞。句意：還有Creole tabanca形容被所愛之人拋棄的苦樂參半的感覺。根據(jù)句意可推出是bittersweet“苦樂參半的；又苦又甜的”，修飾feeling。故答案為bittersweet。故選B。

【5】考查形容詞。句意：人們對不可譯詞著迷，部分原因是這些詞很有用:不然我們怎么能談?wù)撔覟?zāi)樂禍帶來的罪惡快感呢？根據(jù)句意可推出是guilty“有罪的；內(nèi)疚的”，修飾pleasure。故選C。

【6】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：但洛馬斯也把它們看作是向我們展示“生活方式的新可能性”的一種方式，把它們描述為邀請人們?nèi)ンw驗(yàn)以前可能“對他們隱藏起來”的快樂現(xiàn)象，或者去陶醉于他們以前無法命名的感覺。根據(jù)句意可推出是name“命名”。故選D。

【7】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：長期以來，語言學(xué)家一直在爭論，我們所說的語言(部分由地理和氣候等因素決定)在多大程度上限制了我們的思想能力或行動(dòng)能力。根據(jù)句意可推出是determine“決定；斷定”，由空后by可知，此處使用過去分詞，表被動(dòng)。故選CD。

【8】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：不同社會(huì)生活的詞匯是不同的世界，而不僅僅是貼上不同標(biāo)簽的同一個(gè)世界，”理論家愛德華薩皮爾(Edward Sapir)寫道。根據(jù)句意可推出是attach“貼上”，此處與labels是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞，表被動(dòng)。故選AD。

【9】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)被問及他的最愛之一時(shí)，這位心理學(xué)家列舉了德國的Fernweh，它描述了一種想去遙遠(yuǎn)國度旅行的渴望，一種對未知世界的思鄉(xiāng)之情。根據(jù)句意可推出是動(dòng)名詞longing“渴望”。故選AC。

【10】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：丹麥語morgenfrisk也令人愉快，它描述的是一個(gè)人一夜好眠的滿足感，拉丁語otium強(qiáng)調(diào)的是控制自己時(shí)間的喜悅。根據(jù)句意可推出是highlight“突出；強(qiáng)調(diào)”,此處與the Latin otium是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動(dòng)。故選BC。

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Letter 1

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