It is obvious that doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?
The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don’t know what to say.
“So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there,” said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the Stop Obesity Alliance. “Patients are not told about the possibility of diabetes (糖尿病),” she said. “And doctors don’t feel they have good information to give. They felt that they didn’t have adequate tools to address this problem.
The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don’t even know that they’re too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.
Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past—and many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesity­related diseases like hypertension and diabetes.
Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn. , which ranks the 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. “If you’re to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you have to talk to them at actually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them and coach them,” he said.
He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be not optimistic.
“Part of this is that there’s this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that overweight people are weak-willed and just don’t have any willpower and are self­indulgent and all that business,” he said. “If you think that way, you’re not going to spend time having a productive conversation.”
小題1:What is the Stop Obesity Alliance most probably in Paragraph 3?
A．An organization of doctors suffering from obesity.
B．An organization of patients suffering from obesity.
C．A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.
D．A research group dealing with doctor-patient relationship.
小題2:How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?
A．About 350.B．About 390.
C．About 900.D．About 1,000.
小題3:What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?
A．They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.
B．Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.
C．Without their doctors’ constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.
D．Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.
小題4:According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?
A．Most doctors never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.
B．Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.
C．Most patients are too weak-willed to do anything about their weight.
D．Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.
小題5:Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Obesity in the U. S.
B．Trouble of overweight Americans.
C．Talk more, help better.
D．Doctors or patients---who to bear more blame?[

小題1:B
小題1:A
小題1:A
小題1:B
小題1:C

小題1:B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。下一句的前半部分提到病人沒有被告知關(guān)于糖尿病的可能性，再結(jié)合該組織的名稱，可推斷答案為B。
小題1:A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在1000多位調(diào)查對(duì)象中，只有39%的病人被告訴患有肥胖癥，其中90%的被告知患有肥胖癥的病人被醫(yī)生建議減肥所以計(jì)算過(guò)程是“1,000×39%×90%”。
小題1:A推理判斷題。第二段的最后部分和第三段的最后部分提到醫(yī)生面對(duì)肥胖癥也束手無(wú)策，或者不知從何說(shuō)起，再結(jié)合本段第二句中的內(nèi)容可推測(cè)肥胖癥病人并非像醫(yī)生認(rèn)為的那樣毫無(wú)希望。
小題1:B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段中提到醫(yī)生普遍認(rèn)為肥胖癥病人意志不堅(jiān)定并且自我放縱。他們的這一想法使得他們很難與肥胖癥病人進(jìn)行有效的溝通和交流。
小題1:C主旨大意題。文章第一段開門見山地點(diǎn)明了本文的話題，再結(jié)合文章后面的內(nèi)容可判斷C項(xiàng)最能概括文章大意。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.
Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster,” did not work as well.
The study found t hat when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables-either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas-in laboratory taste tests, the study said.
Researchers randomly assigned（分派）173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.
Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day of 12 days, Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables-and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once disliked vegetable three months later.
Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.
小題1:The purpose of writing the passage is       .
A．to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables
B．to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet
C．to explain why children hate to eat vegetables
D．to present a proper way of vernal praise to parents
小題2:The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “           ”.
A．shoot from behind the back
B．make a lire in the hackyard
C．produce an unexpected result
D．a(chǎn)chieve what was planned
小題3:According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A．Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.
B．It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.
C．Oral praise wokrs quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.
D．Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.
小題4:How did the researchers get their conclusion from the experiment?
A．By comparison.B．By asking questions.
C．By giving examples,D．By discussion.
小題5:What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Children like rewards, not verbal praise.
B．Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.
C．Children are difficult to inspire.
D．Parents should give up verbal praise.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I'm fat. I'm too skinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs. Do any of these statements sound familiar? Do you often put yourself down? If so, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton of changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image (形象) of yourself. Lots of people have trouble getting used to it and this can affect their confidence.
Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.
The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. If you're very worried about your weight or size, go to your doctor to check that things are OK. But it's no one's business but your own what your body is like-finally, you have to be happy with yourself.Next, find which aspects of your appearance you can change and which you can't change and need to accept-like their height, for example, or their shoe size.
If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a pan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods.
When you hear negative comments coming from within yourself, tell yourself to stop. Try building your confidence by listing three things in your day that really gave you pleasure. It can be anything like the way the sun felt on your face, the sound of your favorite band, or the way someone laughed at your jokes.
小題1:. From the first paragraph, we can infer that _________.
A．most teens like to have a special body image
B．many teens can't accept their body change easily
C．teens prefer to change their body image quickly
D．teens usually change their opinions on their body image
小題2:. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A．Realize you can't change everything about yourself.
B．Change the way other people look at you.
C．Go to your doctor for advice on how to change your body.
D．Learn from some celebrities on how to change your body.
小題3:. The underlined phrase "put yourself down" in the first paragraph probably means_____.
A．make yourself fall down B．say negative things about yourself
C．force yourself to do something D．write down your name somewhere
小題4:. The passage is mainly about_______.
A．how to adjust to the changes of your body
B．how to build confidence by changing your body
C．how to keep an attractive body image
D．how to find pleasure in your day

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most schools forbid chewing gum(嚼口香糖), but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help improve your test scores. This exciting research is just beginning. And in the meantime, companies are also experimenting with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight everything from serious diseases to bad breath.
Other researchers are finding that gum might work better than a pill to deliver medicines and other substances into the bloodstream. That’s because the lining (膜) of our cheeks can absorb certain substances more quickly than our stomachs and intestines (腸) can. That discovery could help other researchers develop medicine-containing gums that fight colds, ease headaches, battle nervousness, and
more. Scientists might even create anti-microbial (抗菌的) gums that cure bad breath.
Those projects may take years, but gum scientists have already had at least one recent success: They’ve created a gum that could help us stay awake. Researchers have produced a gum called Stay Alert. Each stick has as much caffeine as a cup of coffee. It can take an hour for the caffeine in coffee to have its full effect, but the caffeine in Stay Alert hits in just a few minutes. The gum is easy to transport and it’s stable in cold and hot climates. Unlike a pill, it doesn’t require water to swallow. Those qualities make it easy for soldiers to use. For now, Stay Alert is available only to the military (軍隊(duì)). The manufacturer may one day offer it for sale to the public. People who work at night, such as truck drivers and medical personnel who ride in ambulances, might benefit from a product like Stay Alert.
小題1:The passage mainly talks about _____.
A．the rule of forbidding chewing gum in school
B．new research on chewing gum
C．different kinds of chewing gum
D．the relationship between chewing gum and medicine
小題2:What does the underlined word “hits” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Touches. B．Attacks.C．Takes effect. D．Affects badly.
小題3:According to the passage, Stay Alert is a gum which can help people _____.
A．stay awakeB．fight colds
C．cure headachesD．overcome nervousness
小題4:It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A．stay Alert is not easy to store
B．stay Alert needs water to swallow
C．stay Alert is available to the public now
D．we can’t buy gums which cure bad breath now

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A growing number of health, hunger, and sustainable （可持續(xù)的）agriculture groups today announced plans for Food Day-a nationwide campaign to change the way Americans eat and think about food．Food Day will encourage people around the country to sponsor or participate in activities that encourage Americans to “eat real” and support healthy, affordable food grown in a sustainable, humane way．
Organizers hope Food Day will inspire Americans to hold thousands of events in schools, college campuses, houses of worship and even in private homes aimed at fixing America’s food system．A Food Day event could be as small as a parent organizing a vegetable identification contest at a kindergarten class-or as massive as a rally（集會(huì)）in a city park, with entertainment and healthy food．Health departments, city councils and other policy makers could use Food Day to launch campaigns, hold hearings, or otherwise address communities food problems．
The campaign will advocate progress toward five central goals:
·Reducing diet-related disease by promoting healthy foods．The American diet is too low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and too high in fatty meat, soft drinks and salty packaged and restaurant foods-contributing to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths each year．
·Supporting sustainable farms and stopping subsidies to agribusiness．Billions of federal dollars a year would be better spent helping environmentally conscious family farmers than hugeagribusiness operations．
·Expanding access to food and alleviating hunger．Far too many Americans don’t know where their next meal is coming from, or have access to fresh produce in their neighborhood．
·Reforming factory farms to protect animals and the environment．Farming of animals can and should be done without cruelty, and without degrading the quality of life．
·Curbing junk-food marketing to kids．Food companies should not be targeting children with foods that promote tooth decay, obesity and other health problems．
小題1:What is the best title of the text?
A．Food Day CampaignB．Eat Real and Keep fit
C．How to Observe Food DayD．Food Problems in the USA
小題2:What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Food problems are not easy to deal with．
B．Food Day events should be held in public places．
C．Kindergarten kids are unable to identify vegetables．
D．People are invited to create their own Food Day events．
小題3:One of the aims of Food Day is to ____．
A．target children with junk foodB．operate more agribusiness
C．increase access to foodD．cancel a series of events
小題4:The underlined word "curbing" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “          ”．
A．controllingB．enlargingC．evaluatingD．providing
小題5:We can infer from the text that _____．
A．Food Day will not help preserve natural resources．
B．Food Day can be an opportunity to solve food problems．
C．Food Day has so far achieved all the central goals．
D．there are different ideas and views about Food Day．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Feel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he has sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then, consider this: you might be in a state of sub-health（亞健康）. Sub-health, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline（界限）state between health and disease.
According to the survey by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of sub-healthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week.
Symptoms include a lack of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, anger, and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.
As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish because they are rich in nutritional elements -- vitamins and other elements that are important to the body.
Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract（消化道）. They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.
小題1:.
According to this passage, which of the following is true?
A．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should stay at home and keep silent.
B．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine.
C．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should have yourself examined in foreign countries.
D．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should find out the reasons and relax yourself.
小題2:.
. It may be easy for middle-aged people to get sub-healthy because _________.
A．they have used up their energyB．they have lost their living hopes
C．they have more pressure in life and workD．they begin to get older
小題3:.
. The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is that you should ________.
A．work hard B．sleep more
C．form good living habits D．take more medicine
小題4:.
. The underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to _________.
A．a(chǎn)rrange by turnsB．cause to take placeC．keep oneself busy with D．get tired of

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease－especially in changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought about this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is just “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively attempting to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well”, in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can struggle for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial influence on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
小題1:Today’s medical care is placing more stress on                .
A．monitoring patients’ body functions
B．removing people’s bad living habits
C．ensuring people’s psychological well-being
D．keeping people in a healthy physical condition
小題2:Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he or she                 .
A．is free from any kind of disease
B．does not have any physical handicaps
C．a(chǎn)ttempts to maintain the best possible health
D．keeps a proper balance between work and leisure
小題3:According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?
A．Wellness is now just an ideal in many people’s mind.
B．Someone who drinks a few beers at home most nights is not healthy.
C．The concept of wellness can help people face the challenges of daily life.
D．A man without any physical or mental problem may not be really healthy.
小題4:According to the author, healthy people are those who                        .
A．do not have any symptoms of disease
B．have strong muscles as well as slim figures
C．try to keep healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations
D．can recover from illness even without seeking medical care

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Below is some advice on how to sleep better.
1. Maintain a regular bed and wake time schedule
Go to bed at the same time every night. Choose a time when you normally feel tired, so that you don’t toss or turn. Try not to break this routine on weekends when it may be tempting to stay up late. If you want lo changeyour bedtime, help your body adjust by making the changein small daily increments, such as 15 minutes earlier or later each day. As with your bedtime, try to maintain yourregular wake-time even on weekends.
2.Fight after-dinner drowsiness（睡意）
If you find yourself getting sleepy before your bed-time, get off the couch and do something mildly stimulating to avoid falling asleep, such as washing the dishes, calling a friend, or getting clothes ready for the next day. If you give in to the drowsiness, you may wake up later in the night and have trouble getting back to sleep.
3. Keep your room dark and cool
When it’s time to sleep, make sure that your environment is dark. Even dim light —especially those from TV or computer screens —can confuse the body clock. Heavy curtains or shades can help block light from windows, or you can try an eye mask to cover your eyes. The temperature of your bedroom also affects sleep. A bedroom that is too hot or too cold can interfere with quality sleep.
4. Turn off your television
Many people use the television to fall asleep or relaxat the end of the day. You may even have a television inyour bedroom. However, television actually stimulates themind, rather than relaxing it. Part of this is due to con­tent. Late night news and prime time shows frequently have disturbing, violent material. Even non-violent pro­gramming can have commercials that are jarring and loud.
5. Exercise early
Exercise helps promote restful sleep if it is done sev­eral hours before you go to bed. Exercise can help you fall asleep faster and sleep more soundly— as long asit ’s done at the right time. Try to finish exercising at least three hours before bed or work out earlier in the day.
6. Consult your doctor
Use a sleep diary and talk to your doctor. Note what type of sleep problem is affecting your sleep or if you aresleepy when you wish to be awake and alert. Try these tips and record your sleep and sleep-related activities in a sleep diary. If problems continue, discuss the sleep diary with your doctor. There may be an underlying cause and you will want to be properly diagnosed. Your doctor will help treat the problem or may refer you to a sleep specialist.
小題1:To prevent yourself from sleeping too much on weekends, you should________.
A．go lo bed 15 minutes earlier than usual
B．go to bed at usual time
C．go to bed at any time
D．make an adjustment to your bedtime
小題2:Which of the following makes it easier for you to have a sound sleep?
A．Watching violent programmesbefore going to bed.
B．Changing your bedtime only a little every day.
C．Using heavy curtains or an eye mask to block light.
D．Completing your workout just before bedtime.
小題3:The following ways can help fight after-dinner drowsinessEXCEPT_______.
A．making a telephone call
B．doing some washing
C．getting clothes ready for the next day
D．having a rest on the sofa
小題4: If your sleep problems continue, you’d better_____________
A．move into a new house
B．discuss it with your family
C．change your present job
D．turn to the doctor for help

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be games of football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their relaxation.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier (滑雪者) is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
小題1: The main difference between a sport and a game lies in       .
A．a(chǎn)ctivityB．uniformC．rulesD．skills
小題2: Mountaineering can be called a team sport because      .
A．mountaineers depend on each other while climbing
B．teams compete against each other
C．it is an Olympic event
D．there are five climbers on each team
小題3:Which of the following might be the best title?
A．How to Climb High MountainsB．Mountain Climbers
C．Challenging Sports ActivitiesD．Mountaineering

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