IV.完形填空
A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts,and therefore refuses to accept authority (X 威) as the only 3 for truth. He always 4 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of 5 science may be considered to 6 as far back as the 7 of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived 8 the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle 9 to suggest that we should learn science 10 observing and experimenting on the things around us,and he himself 11 many important discoveries.
Galileo,however,who lived more than 300 years later,was the greatest of several great men,12 lived in Italy,France,Germany or England,and began by 13 to show how many important 14 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo,learned men believed that large bodies fell more 15 towards the earth than small ones,16 Aristotle said so. But Galileo,going to the 17 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa,let fall two 18 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo's 19 of going direct to Nature,and proving our 20 and theories by experiments,that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
1. A. use B. time C. speed D. trust
2. A. worked B. based C. lived D. written
3. A. reason B. cause C. advice D. result
4. A. thinks B. checks C. has D. learns
5. A. natural B. physical C. ancient D. modern
6. A. date B. keep C. look D. take
7. A. study B. time C. year D. birth
8. A. both B. each C. between D. among 9 . A. Schools B. Ages C. Days D. Countries
10. A. in B. with C. to D. by
11. A. did B. made C. took D. gave
12. A. who B. when C. that D. where
13. A. ways B. degrees C. levels D. chance
14. A. truths B. problems C. people D. subjects
15. A. slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily
16. A. when B. because C. although D. if
17. A. place B. foot C. top D. ceiling
18. A. big B. small C. equal D. unequal
19. A. spirit B. skill C. theory D. discovery
20. A. plans B. opinions C. world D. ability
IV. 1. A解析:make full use of為固定短語, 意為“充分利用”,這里指“充分利用他所 觀察的事實(shí)”。
2. B解析:be based on意為“以……為根 據(jù)”,這里指“以明顯的事實(shí)為依據(jù)”。
3. A解析:此處語境為:好的科學(xué)家不認(rèn) 為權(quán)威就是真理的理由。
reason意為 “理由,原因”,符合語境。
4. B解析:此處語境為:他總是仔細(xì)審核 觀點(diǎn)并做實(shí)驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證。
check意為“證 明;核對(duì)”,符合語境。
5. D解析:從本文最后一句可以推知,此 處應(yīng)該是指“現(xiàn)代”科學(xué)。
6. A解析:date back (to…) 為固定短語, 意為“追溯到……”,符合語境。
keep back意為“阻止”;look back意為“回 顧”;take back意為“送還”。
7. B解析:此處語境為:現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起 或許可以追溯到羅杰•培根時(shí)期。
time 此處意為“時(shí)代;時(shí)期”。
8. C解析:根據(jù)上下文,此處指的是生活 在1214年和1292年之間,而不是生活 在這兩年,且“between…and…”為固定 搭配。
9. B解析:age此處意為“時(shí)代,時(shí)期”。
the Middle Ages 表示“中世紀(jì)”。
10. D解析:此處語境為:我們應(yīng)該通過對(duì)周圍的事物進(jìn)行觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來學(xué)習(xí) 科學(xué)。
by含有“靠,憑借”的意思,后常 接動(dòng)名詞,符合語境。
11. B解析:此處語境為:培根自己也有 很多重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。
make a discovery為固 定短語,意為“做出發(fā)現(xiàn)”。
12. A解析:此處為非限制性定語從句, 先行詞是 several great men ,故用 who 引導(dǎo)。
13. B解析:by degrees為固定短語,相當(dāng) 于gradually,意為“漸漸地,逐漸地”。
14. A解析:根據(jù)語境,此處指通過觀察、 實(shí)驗(yàn)來發(fā)現(xiàn)“真理”,故選A項(xiàng)。
15. B解析:在伽利略之前的學(xué)者認(rèn)為, 大的物體比小的降落速度快,故用 rapidly,意為“迅速地”。
16. B解析:當(dāng)時(shí)的人們把亞里士多德當(dāng) 作權(quán)威,因此人們對(duì)他的觀點(diǎn)深信不 疑。
because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。
17. C解析:此處指這一實(shí)驗(yàn)是在比薩斜 塔的頂上進(jìn)行的,故選top。
place意為 “位置,地方”;foot意為“底部”;ceiling 意為“天花板”。
18. D解析:根據(jù)上文所述,人們相信大 物體總比小物體下落快。為了做實(shí)驗(yàn) 來推翻亞里士多德的這一觀點(diǎn),伽利略 到比薩斜塔的頂部同時(shí)放下兩個(gè)“體積 不等”的石塊。
19. A解析:從上文可以看出,這就是伽 利略直接走向大自然的精神。
spirit意 為“精神”。
20. B解析:伽利略通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明我們的 觀點(diǎn)和理論的精神,引領(lǐng)了所有現(xiàn)代科 學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
opinion意為“觀點(diǎn)”。
題目來源:2016年周測(cè)月考直通高考高中英語必修4外研版 > 周內(nèi)課時(shí)練 14 Period 2 Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Language points
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