2.In my early 30s,I used an expired(過期的) student ID to buy discounted movie tickets.I'd tell myself,I'm buying a ticket I wouldn't have otherwise bought.I think many people have done similar things; however,we still think of ourselves as honest citizens.Researchers who study these behaviours believe that character isn't the real reason.We might break the rules under some conditions and in some mind-sets,but not in others.
Years ago,F(xiàn)rancesca Gino,a professor at Harvard,and Dan Ariely,a behavioural economist at Duke,wondered if people with highter IQs were more likely to cheat.They found that cleverness wasn't closely connected to dishonesty,but creativity was.The more creative you are,the easier it is to retell the story of what happened when you behaved dishonestly.
Harvard University psychologist Joshua Greene argues in his book Moral Tribe that we may be born without having a clear sense of right and wrong,but our culture sharpens it.If your tribe downloads pirated(盜版)music,you're likely to go with the flow.
Harvard researcher Leslie John,along with two colleagues conducted an experiment.They told volunteers that others in the room were making more money than they were for getting questions right on a test.Guess what happened?That group,which considered itself disadvantaged,cheated more than those who believed that everyone received an equal payment.
The real threat is that rule breaking worsens over time.Behavioural psychology offers a few antidotes.Keep yourself fed and well-rested-we're likelier to bebave badly when hungry or tied.Reflect on how your actions look through others'eyes and see yourselves in a positive light.In a Stanford study,when researchers uesd the verb cheat-please don't cheat-participants still cheated freely because they felt distanced (疏遠(yuǎn))from the act.When the noun was used-don't be a cheater-hardly anyone did.
28.According to Francesca Gino,who are likeliest to break the rules in a company?B
A.Accountants.B.Designers C.Cleaners.D.Typists.
29.Why did volunteers in Leslie John's experiment cheat more than others?C
A.Because they were not as smart as others.
B.Because they thought others cheated too.
C.Because they felt a sense of unfairness.
D.Because they were tired and hungry.
30.The underlined word"antidotes"in the last paragraph canbe replaced byB.
A.explanations.B.solutions C.studies D.novels.
31.What's the best title for the text?A
A.Why people break the rules.
B.How people break the rules.
C.The influence of breaking the rules.
D.Different ways of breaking the rules.
分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀,文章討論了人們?yōu)槭裁匆`規(guī)并就此問題給出了一些建議.
解答 .28--31 BCBA
28.B.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第2段中的…but creativity was.The more creative you are,the easier it is to retell the story of what happened when you behaved dishonestly."…但是創(chuàng)造力是的,當(dāng)你行為不誠實(shí)時你越有創(chuàng)造力,你就越容易復(fù)述發(fā)生了什么的故事"可知越是有創(chuàng)造力的人越有可能違規(guī),因此設(shè)計師比起會計、清 潔工和打字員更有可能違規(guī).故本題答案為B選項(xiàng).
29.C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第四段中的They told Volunteers that others in the room were making more money than they were for getting questions right on a test."他們告訴志愿者其他人因?yàn)榭荚囍械玫秸_的答案而得到了比他們更多的錢"可知,參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的知道其他人比他們得到的錢多,感到不公平,因此要通過作弊的方式答對更多的題,得到更多的錢.故本題答案為C選項(xiàng).
30.B.詞義辨析題.最啟一段中的Keep yourself fed and well-rested…Reflect on how your.a(chǎn)ctions look through others'eyes and see yourselves in a positive light."讓自己吃好、休息好…反省一下你的行為是如何看穿他人的眼睛并且用積極的眼光看待自己".可知這(antidotes)就是作者對于違規(guī)問題給出的解決方法,故本題答案為B選項(xiàng).
31.A.標(biāo)題歸納題.通讀全文可知,文章就違規(guī)問 題展開討論,其中第二、三、四段分別介紹了人們違規(guī)的三個原因.A項(xiàng)概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容,故最適合作本文標(biāo)題.
點(diǎn)評 本文是一篇議論文,題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題,做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對 性找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案.推理判斷也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確的答案.