Question

【題目】Some pigs lend to be optimistic while others have a more pessimistic view, according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare. The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment.

Asher, a researcher at the University of Newcastle's Institute of Neurowcience, and her team housed groups of pigs in the two types of environments. One reflected sandard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of sell, deep straw. After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks, the rescarchers picked 18 pigs from each type of housing arrangement to train and test their judgment.

"To do this, we trained each pig that in one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets — specifically M&Ms, pigs love M&Ms — and in a bowl at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl that would contain coffee beans, which pigs find bitter-tasting," senior author Lisa Collins of the University of Lincoln's School of Life Sciences said.

Over a number of training trials, pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect M&Ms. On the contrary, they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it wasn't in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.

The rescearchers next placed an unfamimliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what, exhibiting optimism that it would contain their favorite foods. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism.

The findings suggest that a one-size-fits-all answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meal for some people, there is still cause for concern. Students have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meal quality and taste.

【1】What was the study devoted to figuring out?

A. The influence of pigs' living environment.

B. The influence between humans and pigs.

C. The didferences of two types of pigs' personality.

D. The relationship between pigs' mood and judgment.

【2】What does the underlined word “cushier” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. simple. B. more comfortable.

C. non-profitable. D. less free.

【3】Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?

A. The bowl with chocolate sweets.

B. The bowl containing coffee beans.

C. The bowl full of both sweets and beans.

D. The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.

【4】What do the findings of the new research imply?

A. People should treat pigs equally.

B. People's health relies on meat quality.

C. People should meet pigs' various needs.

D. People's attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

試題分析：本文介紹了發(fā)表在《生物學(xué)通訊》上的一篇文章，該文章通過實驗證明了“豬的情緒與判斷的關(guān)系”，表明人們應(yīng)該滿足豬的需要。

【1】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment.可知，研究的目的是為了弄明白“豬的情緒與判斷的關(guān)系”。故選D。

【2】B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中the other was cushier with more space and plenty of sell, deep straw.（另一個是有更多空間和充足的稻草的舒適環(huán)境），可推知劃線單詞的意思是“舒適的”，故選B。

【3】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段The researchers next placed an unfamimliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what, exhibiting optimism that it would contain their favorite foods. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism.可知，對兩種豬不熟悉的碗能測試出豬是樂觀還是悲觀。故選D。

【4】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句The findings suggest that a one –size-fits-all answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Students have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meal quality and taste.可知，這項發(fā)現(xiàn)表明對于動物福利課題的一體適用方案是不存在的，動物一生中如何被對待直接影響到膳食質(zhì)量和口感，也就是對豬好一點，它將來的肉可能好吃點，也就是人們應(yīng)該滿足豬的各種需要。故選C。

【學(xué)法指導(dǎo)】

任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點。最常見的就是利用上下文語境、常識和語法關(guān)系推斷詞義。1.抓住所需推斷詞匯前后的“mean”或系動詞或破折號等直接定義該詞的部分。2.抓住文章主旨與該段所表達(dá)的中心。特別對于議論文要牢記論點與論據(jù)的相互支撐關(guān)系�！�2】B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中the other was cushier with more space and plenty of sell另一種是更舒適的空間和充足的銷售點，可知劃線單詞的意思是“舒適的”，故選B。