8．How can you tell if someone's lying？The answer is，they're probably not．
Traditional economics says that people are（1）D human beings who will lie if it's to their advantage．A recent university study has shown that，actually，we're pretty（2）A--especially when we're  at home．
Researchers in Germany（3）C people at home and asked them to toss（投擲） a coin．There was a strong （4）B incentive（刺激） to lie about the result：if the coin landed tails-up，the participants  would receive money，while if the coin landed heads-up，they would get nothing．Because they were  on the phone，they knew there was no （5）D of getting caught ifthey lied．
And yet people told the （6）B．Over hundreds of tosses，a coin will land tails-up about 50% of the time．In this （7）D 0ver halfthe people asked （55.6%） said that the coin landed heads-up，which meant they would receive nothing．
Previous studies had found that people were more （8）D．In those laboratory studies，75% of people reported a（9）Ccoin and asked for a reward．So the research team thinks it's being in our own homes that makes us play fair，although it's not yet clear why．
In fact both types of study show people are surprisingly（10）A．Even in the laboratory，25% of people （11）B a reward by telling the truth．The researchers say this is because honesty is （12）Avalued in human society．We care about our（13）D and our sense of ourselves as decent（體面的） people．So lying has a psychological（14）C and it seems this cost is more important than the financialbenefits of（15）B．

l． A．poorB．kindC．generousD．reasonable
2． A．honestB．strictC．calmD．a(chǎn)fraid
3． A．visitedB．sawC．phonedD．caught
4． A．mentalB．financialC．technicalD．educational
5． A．ideaB．needC．evidenceD．risk
6． A．differenceB．truthC．storyD．secret
7． A．caseB．interviewC．speechD．study
8． A．faithfulB．gratefulC．disappointedD．dishonest
9． A．missingB．losingC．winningD．shining
10．A．reliableB．greedyC．braveD．wealthy
ll．A．receivedB．refusedC．wonD．required
12．A．highlyB．normallyC．formallyD．poorly
13．A．moneyB．familyC．jobsD．reputation
14．A．reasonB．effectC．costD．function
15．A．studyingB．lyingC．phoningD．reporting

分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文類的短文閱讀．主要介紹了人們通常會(huì)在什么樣的環(huán)境下撒謊，以及誠(chéng)實(shí)這一優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)在我們的生活中的重要作用．

解答 1-15  DACBD BDDCA BADCB
1．D．考查形容詞．poor貧窮的；kind有好的；generous大方的；reasonable合理的，公道的．人們是講道理的人；如果對(duì)他們有利他們將撒謊，故選D．
2．A．考查形容詞．honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的； strict 嚴(yán)格的；  calm平靜的； afraid害怕的．最近的研究表明，我們非常誠(chéng)實(shí)的，尤其在家的時(shí)候，故選A．
3．C．考查動(dòng)詞．visit參觀；see看見；phone打電話；catch抓住．根據(jù)Because they were  on the phone可知應(yīng)是打電話，故選C．
4．B．考查形容詞．mental精神上的；financial財(cái)政的； technical科技的； educational教育的．根據(jù)if the coin landed tails-up，the participants  would receive money，有一個(gè)財(cái)政刺激，故選B．
5．D．考查名詞．idea主意； need 需要； evidence 證據(jù)； risk冒險(xiǎn)．因?yàn)槭窃陔娫挘绻麄內(nèi)鲋e了，他們知道也不會(huì)冒著被抓住的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故選D．
6．B．考查名詞．difference不同； truth 實(shí)情； story故事； secret秘密．然而都說(shuō)了實(shí)情，故選B．
7．D．考查名詞．case 情況； interview采訪； speech 演講； study學(xué)習(xí)，研究．根據(jù)Previous studies had found that people were more可知在這次調(diào)查研究中，故選D．
8．D．考查形容詞．faithful忠實(shí)的； grateful感激的； disappointed 失望的； dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)的．根Over hundreds of tosses，a coin will land tails-up about 50% of the time．In this    7    0ver half the people asked （55.6%） said that the coin landed heads-up，which meant they would receive nothing．可知以前的研究是不誠(chéng)實(shí)的，故選D．
9．C．考查形容詞．missing失蹤的； losing失敗的； winning勝利的；shining光亮的．在這次研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)75%的人說(shuō)是贏的那面，故選C．
10．A．考查形容詞．reliable可靠的； greedy貪婪的； brave勇敢的；wealthy富有的，充分的．事實(shí)上這兩種研究表明人們是可以信賴的，故選A．
11．B．考查動(dòng)詞．receive收到； refuse拒絕； win 贏； require要求．25%的人由于講了實(shí)情而贏得了獎(jiǎng)金，故選B．
12．A．考查副詞．highly 高度地； normally通常地； formally 正式地； poorly不充分地．研究表明在人類社會(huì)中誠(chéng)實(shí)是被高度重視的，故選A．
13．D．考查名詞．money錢； family家庭； jobs 工作； reputation名聲．我們?cè)诤跷覀兊拿�，故選D．
14．C．考查名詞．reason理由； effect影響； cost費(fèi)用，損失； function功能．根據(jù)it seems this cost is more important than the financialbenefits of…，撒謊有心理的損失或傷害，故選C．
15．B．考查動(dòng)名詞．studying研究； lying 撒謊； phoning打電話； reporting報(bào)告．這種精神上的傷害比撒謊帶來(lái)的一些利益要重要的多，故選B．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 解答此類題目應(yīng)先瀏覽全文，概括大意，再根據(jù)句子間的提示以及上下文信息提示，依據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和行為邏輯來(lái)推測(cè)并填寫合適的詞語(yǔ)．

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